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liminality Quick reference
A Dictionary of Critical Theory (2 ed.)
... A ritual space or phase of transition in which a person is no longer what they were, but is not yet what they will be. The liminal is the in-between, the neither one thing nor the other. The term was coined by anthropologist Arnold van Gennep in his classic work The Rites of Passage ( 1908 ), which describes the variety of rituals performed by so-called primitive tribes which facilitate the passage of children to adulthood. Victor Turner develops this concept further in his work The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure ( 1969 ). Radical...
heterotopia Quick reference
A Dictionary of Critical Theory (2 ed.)
...way realized utopias. There are, he thinks, two main types of heterotopia: what he calls (doubtless for the want of better words) ‘crisis heterotopias’ and ‘deviation heterotopias’, the former corresponding to what anthropologist Victor Turner would more productively call ‘liminal spaces’ and the latter what Foucault himself would more productively call ‘disciplinary spaces’. His examples of ‘crisis heterotopias’, primarily taken from primitive society, include sacred or taboo places reserved for adolescents, menstruating women, women in labour, and so on....
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