validity n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
...internal validity and low external validity and ecological validity, or high internal validity and external validity and low ecological validity, but a higher form of validity is not possible without the lower forms. See concurrent validity , congruent validity , consensual validity , construct validity , content validity , convergent validity , criterion validity , cross-validation ( 1 ) , discriminant validity , face validity (a priori validity), incremental validity , intrinsic validity , predictive validity , trait validity . See also ...
validity Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science & Medicine (3 ed.)
... The extent to which a test, measurement, or other method of investigation possesses the property of actually doing what it has been designed to do. See also external validity , internal validity...
validity Quick reference
A Dictionary of Travel and Tourism
... Period of time for which a ticket is available for...
validity Quick reference
A Dictionary of Philosophy (3 ed.)
... In its primary meaning it is arguments that are valid or invalid, according to whether the conclusion follows from the premises. Premises and conclusions themselves are not valid or invalid, but true or false. In model theory a formula is called valid, when it is true in all interpretations...
validity Quick reference
A Dictionary of Public Health (2 ed.)
...validity The degree to which inferences drawn from a study are valid. Two fundamental types of study validity must be distinguished: 1. internal validity The degree to which a study is free from bias or systematic error. Internal validity depends on methods used to select the study subjects, collect the relevant information, and conduct analyses. It also depends on subject-matter knowledge; e.g., on the identification and measurement of confounders, the choice of valid and relevant windows of exposure, or of valid intervals and procedures for outcome...
validity Quick reference
A Dictionary of Human Resource Management (3 ed.)
...validity ( content validity , face validity , predictive validity ) When a particular selection technique is used to decide between job applicants, it ought to be valid. There are three main sorts of validity that apply: (1) Content validity refers to whether the technique is a good measure of the quality or attribute being assessed. For example, if word processing skill were needed, getting the candidate to undertake a practical test would have greater content validity than asking them about their word processing ability in an interview. (2) Predictive...
Validity Quick reference
A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6 ed.)
...for outcome detection. Internal validity is usually a prerequisite for external validity. 2 . external validity (Syn: generalizability, transportability) The degree to which results of a study may apply, be generalized, or be transported to populations or groups that did not participate in the study. A study is externally valid if it allows unbiased inferences regarding some other specific target population beyond the subjects in the study. Valid conclusions about the internal and external validity of a study require wisdom and rigor to apply expert...
validity Reference library
Dictionary of the Social Sciences
... With regard to any study or analysis, validity refers to the degree to which the analysis is properly conceived to address the subject of study. Validity is therefore different from accuracy or reliability : studies may be flawlessly conducted (accurate) and results may be repeatable (reliable), but the methods may nonetheless be inappropriate for achieving the desired results. An adequate measurement must be both reliable and valid...
validity Reference library
Ruth Barcan Marcus
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (2 ed.)
... . In logic, validity is most commonly attributed to either: 1. Deductive arguments, which are such that if the premisses are true the conclusion must be true. Traditional logic studies the validity of syllogistic arguments. Modern logic, more generally, identifies as valid those arguments which accord with truth-preserving rules. ( Salva veritate .) Any argument is valid if and only if the set consisting of its premisses and the negation of its conclusion is inconsistent. 2. Propositions which are semantically valid, i.e. are true under any alternative...
validity n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Nursing (8 ed.)
... [vă- lid -iti] n. an indication of the extent to which a measure (e.g. a clinical test) is a true indicator of what it purports to measure (e.g. a disease). Reduced validity can arise if the test produces different results when conducted several times on the same person under identical...
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A Dictionary of Dentistry (2 ed.)
...validity n. The extent to which a test measurement or other device measures what it is intended to measure. A data collection tool should accurately reflect the concept that it is intended to measure. Construct validity is the degree to which an instrument measures the characteristic being measured; the extent to which the conceptual definitions match the operational definitions. Content validity is verification that the method of measurement actually measures what it is expected to measure. A type of this is face validity which determines the...
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A Dictionary of Logic
... 1. With respect to a deductive system L , describes any formula φ for which a semantic presentation of L has no countermodels to φ , i.e. , for which ∅ ⊨ L φ with respect to the semantic consequence relation of L . The richness and variety of semantics for non-classical logics permit a number of distinct explications of this notion, including: 1 φ is valid when φ is true in every model 2 φ is valid when every model assigns a designated value to φ 3 φ is valid when there is no model in which φ is false These conditions are...
validity Quick reference
A Dictionary of Sociology (4 ed.)
... The property of being genuine, a true reflection of attitudes, behaviour, or characteristics. A measure (such as a question, series of questions, or test) is considered valid if it is thought to measure the concept or property which it claims to measure. For example, it might be contested whether the answers to a question about job satisfaction are a valid indicator of alienation from modern society; the holding of paid employment on the part of a woman is a valid indicator of a feminist consciousness; or the divorce rate in the United States is a valid...
validity Quick reference
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3 ed.)
... . A term used in W. sacramental theology to denote that a sacrament is genuine if certain formal conditions have been fulfilled. It is distinguished from fruitfulness (or efficacy) and regularity. Thus a sacrament, even if celebrated irregularly (e.g. outside the unity of the Church), and even if unfruitful in that the participants will not receive grace through the sacrament, may still be a real (or valid) sacrament, conferring e.g. membership of the Church (in the case of Baptism ) or Holy Orders (in the case of Ordination). The formal...
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A Dictionary of Business Research Methods
... 1. The extent to which a measurement instrument is capable of measuring what it is supposed to measure, when the variable being observed is defined imprecisely or has no generally agreeable standard of measurement or can only be measured indirectly by reference to other variables. For example, the concept of general or innate intelligence. 2. Relating to a test procedure in which the assumptions about the data set upon which the test relies are met. For example, some parametric statistical tests assume that variances are equal, the data ...
validity n. Quick reference
Concise Medical Dictionary (10 ed.)
... n. an indication of the extent to which a measure (e.g. a clinical sign or test) is a true indicator of what it purports to measure (e.g. disease). Reduced validity can arise if the test produces different results when conducted several times on the same person under identical conditions (i.e. reduced reproducibility, reliability , or repeatability ). This may be because the same observer gets different results on successive occasions ( intraobserver error ) or because a series of different observers fail to obtain the same result ( interobserver...
validity Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (4 ed.)
...of the sacrament be himself validly ordained (if necessary), that the essential part of the Church’s liturgy be used ( see form ), and that there be a proper intention on the part of the minister (i.e. to do what the Church intends in celebrating the sacrament). The concept of validity was developed in the W. in connection with the problem of the Church’s attitude to sacraments conferred in heresy or schism. It is first found in the Roman insistence in controversy with Cyprian , bp of Carthage, that baptism is validly conferred by heretics and...
validity Reference library
Australian Law Dictionary (3 ed.)
...validity Legal acceptability. A valid contract complies with the laws of contract formation, is executed by people with capacity to enter it, and is made in the absence of any common law or statutory vitiating factor that would invalidate it (render it not valid). A validating Act or statute is legislation passed by the parliament to cure defects in other Acts or statutes or procedural orders made by the courts and other government instrumentalities. The validating Act itself is relatively simple and concise and largely consists of sections designed...
face validity n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
...validity n. The validity of a test estimated or judged intuitively, without recourse to any objective evidence. Also called a priori validity . See also consensual validity , intrinsic validity...
external validity n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
...validity n. The extent to which the conclusions of an empirical investigation remain true when different research methods and research participants or subjects are used. The term is also used to denote concurrent validity or predictive validity established by reference to an external criterion, in other words criterion validity . See also replication ( 2 ) , validity , validity generalization . Compare ecological validity ( 1 ) , internal validity...
