Spies Reference library
Dictionary of American Family Names (2 ed.)
... US frequency (2010): 3508 1 German and Dutch: metonymic occupational name for a spear maker, from Middle High German spiez ‘spear, pike’, or an occupational name from the same word in the sense ‘soldier armed with a spear’. 2 German: habitational name from any of several places called Spies, in particular one near...
Spies Reference library
Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain
... 1881: 3; Middx. German: (i) nickname from Middle High German spiez ‘spear, pike’, denoting a spear maker or a soldier armed with a spear. (ii) locative name from any of several places named Spies, in particular the one near...
spies Reference library
Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (3 ed.)
...disguise and on scouting or dispatch-bearing missions are not spies even if they penetrate the enemy zone of operations: the test is the clandestine or false character of the activity: ibid . Belligerents have a right under international law to use spies, but equally belligerents may consider their activities as acts of illegitimate warfare. Under art. 30 of the Hague Regulations, a spy may not be punished without trial before a court martial. The usual penalty is death. Persons suspected of spying may be denied rights of communication but are not otherwise to...
spies Reference library
Doug Lee
The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
... and spying The Romans and Persians are both reported as having long-established bodies of state-supported spies (Gk. kataskopoi ) who infiltrated enemy territory, including the palace , to learn of enemy plans ( Procopius , Pers . I, 21, 11; Anecd . 30, 12). Disguise as merchants is particularly mentioned, consistently with both empires’ concern to control cross-frontier trade , thereby restricting opportunities for espionage ( CJust IV, 63, 4 [408]). Use of spies on other frontiers is less well attested, although northern Britain had a unit...
spies Reference library
Christopher Andrew and M. R. D. Foot
The Oxford Companion to World War II
...were not, technically, spies at all; but were well known to be on the look-out for any military information that came their way. On the other hand, press and commercial attachés, and passport control officers, were sometimes only nominally diplomats, because they were really engaged either in spying themselves or in organizing networks of spies to observe for them. The spy ring centred on the Japanese consulate at Honolulu, which worked to facilitate the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (see below), is one example of spies using diplomatic cover. But ...
Spies, Claudio (26 March 1925) Reference library
Paul Griffiths
The Oxford Companion to Music
...Spies, Claudio ( b Santiago , 26 March 1925 ). Chilean -born American composer . Arriving in the USA in 1942 , he studied at the New England Conservatory in Boston and with Hindemith and Walter Piston at Harvard ( 1947–50 ). His career as a teacher took him back to Harvard ( 1954–7 ) and then to Swarthmore College ( 1958–64 ) and Princeton (from 1970 ). He became an American citizen in 1966 . Musically and personally he was close to Stravinsky . Paul...
Spies, Claudio (26 March 1925) Reference library
Robert Pollock and Jonas Westover
The Grove Dictionary of American Music (2 ed.)
...; A la vez, ob/eng hn, E♭ cl/B♭ cl/b cl, 1997 Principal publishers: Boelke-Bomart, Boosey & Hawkes, Elkan-Vogel, Presser Bibliography D. Martino : “Claudio Spies: Tempi,” PNM , ii/2 (1963–4), 112–24 Compositores de América/Composers of the Americas , xv (Washington, DC, 1969), 214 P. Lansky : “The Music of Claudio Spies,” Tempo , no.103 (1972–3), 38–44 S. Peles : “A Conversation with Claudio Spies,” PNM , xxxii/1 (1994), 292–325 Robert Pollock / Jonas...
Spies and Intelligence Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology
...from War and Scouts and Scouting .] Bibliography Alban, J. R. , and C. T. Allmand . “Spies and Spying in the Fourteenth Century.” In War, Literature, and Politics in the Late Middle Ages: Essays in Honor of G. W. Coopland , edited by C. T. Allmand , pp. 73–101. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1976. Crook, David . “ The Confession of a Spy, 1380. ” Historical Research 62 (1989): 346–350. Neilson, Keith , and B. J. C. McKercher , eds. Go Spy the Land: Military Intelligence in History . Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1992. Christopher...
Spies, Johann Albrecht (1704–66) Reference library
The Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers
...of politics and poetry. Together with Wolfgang Albrecht Spies ( 1710–78 ), his younger brother, he acquired a doctorate of law in 1733 . While his brother became professor of law in Altdorf, Johann Albrecht Spies remained at the philosophical faculty. In 1743 , he became full professor of logic and, in 1751 , professor of morals as well. As a result, he was able to retire from his professorship of poetry. Like Jakob Wilhelm Feuerlein, his teacher in Altdorf and a student of Budde , Spies was a moderate anti-Wolffian. For example, in 1748 , he argued...
Spiers Reference library
Dictionary of American Family Names (2 ed.)
... US frequency (2010): 2989 1 Scottish and English: variant of Spier , with post-medieval excrescent -s . 2 German: variant of Spier ...
Spier Reference library
Dictionary of American Family Names (2 ed.)
... US frequency (2010): 1679 1 English and Scottish: occupational name from Middle English spier(e) ‘spy, watchman, scout’ (Old French espierre , espieur ). 2 English: variant of Spear . 3 German: nickname for a physically small person, from Middle Low German spīr ‘trifle, small piece’. 4 German: habitational name from any of several places called Spier, named with the old element spir ‘(muddy) water’, notably the city in the Palatinate, now spelled Speyer (see Speyer ). 5 Jewish (Ashkenazic): variant of Spiro . Some characteristic forenames:...
Labor Spies and Pinkertons Reference library
Mark Noon
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Business, Labor, and Economic History
...Spies and Pinkertons Among the many tools at employers’ disposal to monitor their workers is the labor spy. Because of the secretive nature of industrial espionage, the degree to which labor spies have been used by companies, as well as their effectiveness, is open to question. Still, few subjects have drawn more intense scorn from organized labor and its sympathizers than the labor spy. The origins of industrial spying in the United States have often been traced to the Pinkerton National Detective Agency, a name synonymous with labor spying in the...
spies and the spy system Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
... and the spy system . In Britain in the eighteenth century, spying on the King's subjects was seen to be dishonourable, contrary to the rights of the freeborn Englishman as expressed by custom and the constitution of 1688–9 and redolent of French absolutism and popery. Needless to say, however, raison d'état ensured that some mechanisms for countering potential subversive elements existed throughout the century. A ‘Private Office’ within the Post Office, for instance, opened the mail of suspected Jacobites, and various government ministers employed their...
Renaissance rhetoric Reference library
Encyclopedia of Rhetoric
...of rederijker drama. Spies, Marijke . “The Amsterdam Chamber De Eglentier and the Ideals of Erasmian Humanism.” In From Revolt to Riches. Culture and History of the Low Countries 1500–1700. International and Interdisciplinary Perspectives , edited by Theo Hermans and Reinier Salverda pp. 109–118. (London, 1993). Spies, Marijke . “Between Ornament and Argumentation: Developments in 16th-century Dutch Poetics.” In Rhetoric-Rhétoriqueurs-Rederijkers , edited by Jelle Koopmans , Mark A. Meadow , Kees Meerhoff , and Marijke Spies , pp. 117–112....
Spies of the Kaiser: Plotting the Downfall of England Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Edwardian Fiction
... of the Kaiser: Plotting the Downfall of England , William Le Queux , 1909 , Hurst & Blackett. Two layabout lawyers, Ray Raymond and John James Jacox, combine to expose a network of German spies controlled by Herman Hartmann , a flabby, sardonic German Jew masquerading as a moneylender. (Le Queux tended to concentrate his prejudices for maximum effect.) First published in Cassell's Magazine in 1908 , the stores created a major stir. Dozens of people wrote to Le Queux claiming to have recognized German spies. He passed the letters on to the War Office,...
spies
spy / ~est / spies / ~ing / spied v Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of Original Shakespearean Pronunciation
...spy / ~est / spies / ~ing / spied v spǝɪ / spǝɪst / spǝɪz / 'spǝɪɪn, -ɪŋ / spǝɪd sp spie 14 , spy 8 , spye 1 / spy’st 1 / spies 1 , spyes 1 / spying 2 / spied 4 , spy’d 1 , spyed 2 rh eye MND 3.2.19, TG 5.4.115 ; spy him by him Luc 881 / eyes Luc 1086 ; flies VA 1029 ; lies Luc 316 / belied Luc 1532 > espy ...
Claudio Spies
Spies of the Kaiser: Plotting the Downfall of England
Parents as Agents for Change in Health and Risk Messaging Reference library
Natoshia Askelson and Erica Spies
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Health and Risk Message Design and Processing
...A. I. , Wang, J. , Bingham, C. R. , & Simons-Morton, B. G. (2013). Effectiveness of a brief parent-directed teen driver safety intervention (Checkpoints) delivered by driver education instructors . Journal of Adolescent Health , 53 , 27–33. Natoshia Askelson and Erica Spies ...
