reasonable pluralism Reference library
The New Oxford Companion to Law
... pluralism Reasonable pluralism is a term coined by John Rawls in his later works on political liberalism. Rawls uses the term to denote the fact of a plurality of reasonable, though irreconcilable, moral, religious, or philosophical doctrines. Pluralism is an enduring feature of modern liberal societies. For Rawls, it is both inevitable and desirable. Pluralism is the inevitable consequence of democratic societies’ commitment to the principle of liberty. Diversity in religious or moral practices is presumed to be the consequence of the exercise of...
reasonable pluralism
Shura and Democracy Reference library
Osman Fathi
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...and protected against any interference or pressure. Courts provide the strongest protection for the rights of the individuals and the different components of sociocultural and political pluralism against any violation of their rights, whether from any one against the other, or from the state authorities. From The Children of Adam: An Islamic Perspective on Pluralism (Washington, D.C.: Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding, Occasional Paper Series, 1996), pp. 547–59. 1. Ibn Qayyim al Jawziyya, Abu Abd-Allah Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, I‘lam al-Muwaqqi‘in...
Tolerance and Governance: A Discourse on Religion and Democracy Reference library
Soroush Abdolkarim
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...once the theoretical, practical, and historical advances of humanity are applied to the understanding and acceptance of religion; once extrareligious factors find an echo within the religious domain; and finally, once religion is rationalized, then the way to epistemological pluralism—the centerpiece of democratic action—will be paved. Sober and willing—not fearful and compulsory—practice of religion is the hallmark of a religious society. It is only from such a society that the religious government is born. Such religiosity guarantees both the religious and...
1700 to the Present Reference library
Ronald Clements
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...of the private reader rather than the formalities of church use and in this they have largely succeeded. The consequence has been that, even though the traditional role of the Bible in church life and intellectual circles has appeared much weakened by the cultural and religious pluralism of modern Western-style societies, the private study of the Bible has flourished and continued to enjoy great popularity and vitality. ...
Mancur Olson
pluralism Reference library
The Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy
...between pluralism and liberalism , insofar as liberalism provides a framework within which individuals can freely choose among competing goods, and which hence is hospitable to a variety of conceptions of the good. Many liberals defend state neutrality towards people's reasonable doctrines of the good, which are sometimes conflicting and incommensurable (Rawls, 1993 ; Larmore, 1994 ). For others, the liberal commitment to accommodating a reasonable disagreement about the good requires respecting or even promoting cultural pluralism, which is the...
The Pluralist–Solidarist Debate in the English School Reference library
William Bain
The International Studies Encyclopedia
...of scholarly priorities. But this transition has created space for renewed interest in pluralism and solidarism, albeit in a wider context that considers notions of world society and global order, as well as ways that pluralism and solidarism might be related to one another in an ordered and coherent manner. One of the most ambitious contributions in this regard is Barry Buzan’s ( 2004 ) social structural reworking of English School theory in which a critique of pluralism and solidarism is a prelude to articulating a theory of world society. He sees in...
Relativism Reference library
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics
...they are affirmed by “truthlike” predicates such as “plausible,” “reasonable,” and “apt.” According to Margolis, this view permits one to affirm (as plausible, reasonable, or apt) interpretations that would be logically inconsistent, that is, incapable of being true together, in a bivalent logic. Such interpretations nevertheless remain “nonconverging” even within the many-valued logical framework. If Margolis is right about all of this, then he offers an alternative route to critical pluralism, because on his view too there are acceptable, noncombinable...
Relativism Reference library
Robert Stecker
Encyclopedia of Aesthetics (2 ed.)
...they are affirmed by “truthlike” predicates such as “plausible,” “reasonable,” and “apt.” According to Margolis, this view permits one to affirm (as plausible, reasonable, or apt) interpretations that would be logically inconsistent, that is, incapable of being true together, in a bivalent logic. Such interpretations nevertheless remain “nonconverging” even within the many-valued logical framework. If Margolis is right about all of this, then he offers an alternative route to critical pluralism, because on his view too there are acceptable, noncombinable...
Aldwinckle, Russell Foster (1911–92) Reference library
The Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy
...and practice, and determine the degree to which these are reasonable. Theology does not yield logically coercive results, but exhibits the conditions on which one is rationally entitled to affirm the articles of Christian faith, and argues that these conditions can be satisfied. What is possible in rational theology is not unquestionable support of dogmatic propositions, but practical conviction which is not epistemologically blameworthy in a person who is able to live and act in a reasonable manner in all other interactions with the world and other...
Appiah, Kwame Anthony Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of African Thought
...universal” that goes beyond social divisions. He thinks that such universal form would help to connect all people together from the levels of our differences. He asserts that what people need is “reasonableness” that would accommodate different beliefs and ways of life without further exaggerating their already huge differences. Appiah believes that such pluralism will promote humanism (an inclusive humanism) that is antiessentialist. Yet, an African traditional universalism of child-naming and person’s identity is rooted in the ancestral birth locale, and...
Sharpe, Robert Augustus (1935–2006) Reference library
The Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy
..., vol.67, no.260 (April 1992), pp.155–68. ‘ Music, Platonism and Performance: Some Ontological Strains ’, British Journal of Aesthetics , vol.35, no.1 (January 1995), pp.38–48. ‘ One Cheer for Simulation Theory ’, Inquiry , vol.40, no.1 (1997), pp.115–31. ‘ Philosophical Pluralism ’, Inquiry , vol.42, no.1 (March 1999), pp.129–42. ‘ Sounding the Depths ’, British Journal of Aesthetics , vol.40, no.1 (January 2000), pp.64–72. ‘ The Empiricist Theory of Artistic Value ’, Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism , vol.58, no.4 (Fall 2000), pp.321–32. ‘...
Conviction Reference library
Encyclopedia of Rhetoric
...the concepts of the rational and the reasonable. Applying these two standards to the practice of law in particular, Perelman notes how they exist in dialectic with each other. The rational coincides with strict conformity with law, precedent, and principle. The reasonable corresponds to common sense and common opinion. A court decision may be strictly rational and at the same time violate our sense of what is reasonable and fair. In such a case, the law (the system) is often changed so as to conform to what is reasonable. The rational provides stability and...
Sorley, William Ritchie (1855–1935) Reference library
The Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy
...of reality must be found. But this is not easy. It is hard to see how we might bring together the moral and the natural order when at first sight they seem so different and incongruous. Sorley considers the various metaphysical options. Discussing monism and pluralism , his sympathy is with pluralism. The monists' emphasis on unity is their undoing for it leaves them unable even to explain the incongruity between the natural and the moral order, let alone reconcile them. It tends in one or other of two directions, either out-and-out naturalism, or some kind...
Rawls, John Bordley (1921–2002) Reference library
The Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers
...be part of the human good. The problem, however, is that under the very political institutions recommended by the two principles of justice free human beings will inevitably affirm a number of reasonable conceptions of the good life, many of which will be incompatible with the Kantian commitments of Rawls’s own congruence argument. It is this “fact of reasonable pluralism” that led Rawls to introduce a number of new ideas over the course of the next decade in an effort to modify and correct his account of how a just society could also be stable over time. The...
justice Reference library
Edward Sankowski
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (2 ed.)
...effort, some need, some desert , and so on. Some think that just distributions are a matter of the history of how a certain distribution came about. There seems no finite list of criteria, no definitive decision procedure here. In light of this, one can see the attractions of ‘pluralism’ and ‘complex equality’, as presented by Michael Walzer . People collectively ‘create’ goods of innumerable sorts and distribute them in accordance with many criteria, the appropriateness of which changes historically and varies with the social sphere concerned, whether we are...
Rawls, John (1921–2002) Quick reference
A Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics and International Relations (4 ed.)
...offered reformulations and continued exploration of his principles of justice. In Political Liberalism , Rawls examines how we can have a stable and lasting agreement upon a conception of justice when we disagree fundamentally and seemingly intractably about ‘the good’ (reasonable pluralism). He argues that we must develop an ‘overlapping consensus’ through a form of ‘public reason’, where individuals construct and reaffirm principles of governance that all members can agree as not only just, but also as principles which maintain a sense of political...
DICKINSON, Jonathan (1688–1747) Reference library
John Fea
Dictionary of Early American Philosophers
...Hemphill and Franklin pushed hard for freedom of religious expression, as fitting with the Enlightenment pluralism so prevalent in the colonial mid-Atlantic, but Dickinson understood religious liberty within the confines of Westminster orthodoxy. In the end, Hemphill was removed from his position as a Presbyterian clergyman. During the various religious conflicts in which Dickinson participated he developed a well-articulated defense of the “reasonableness of Christianity.” Like many Presbyterians of his age, Dickinson was profoundly influenced by the...
Theories of Tolerance in Education Reference library
Ben Bindewald
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Education
...goods. It envisions a public sphere dedicated to the pursuit of reasonable pluralism and conceives of public institutions—educational institutions, in particular—as having the substantial civic purpose of encouraging citizens to embrace a common civic identity. A key component of such an education is to motivate engagement across differences—that is, to develop in young citizens a will to relationship : a psycho-political commitment to working constructively with others toward fair and reasonable solutions to shared problems ( Creppell, 2008 ). Recognizing...
