readiness potential n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
... potential n . A negative event-related potential , across wide areas of both frontal lobes , the motor cortex , and the parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex, gradually increasing for approximately a second to two seconds before a person performs a voluntary action at a time of his or her own choosing. The phenomenon, revealed by averaging the EEG traces across a number of voluntary actions, was discovered in 1964 by the German neurologist H(ans) H(elmut) Kornhuber ( 1928–2009 ) and his postgraduate student Lüder Deecke (born 1938 )...
readiness potential
readiness potentials and human volition Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Consciousness
...of movement onset. This component was given the name readiness potential . Although the spatial resolution of EEG is limited, the principal origin of the readiness potential is thought to be the frontal motor areas, notably the pre‐supplementary motor area. The readiness potential is a *neural correlate of voluntary action . Readiness potential amplitudes increase, and onsets begin earlier before action itself, as the action becomes more effortful, and requires more thought. Moreover, no readiness potential is seen when subjects make actions in response to...
Esther Reference library
Carol Meyers and Carol Meyers
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...notion underlying the book—that the Jews are ultimately inviolable and will somehow survive. ( 7:1–8:17 ) Haman is Overcome and Replaced At the queen's second banquet, when the king is determined to grant her any request, Esther speaks to Ahasuerus in a way that signals her readiness to take advantage of his goodwill. In 7:3 she addresses him for the first time in the second person, saying ‘If I have won your favour’, rather than using the third person, ‘If I have won the king's favour’, as in 5:8 . She is now ready to be direct in her petitions as well...
Central Government, Courts, and Taxation Quick reference
R. W. Hoyle
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...become clergy. Political discourse often took the form of legal argument, especially over the prerogative; political engagement often took the form of jury service. Our ancestors were readier to turn to law than we are. This willingness to commence litigation was tempered by a readiness to discontinue a suit if it had satisfied its purpose without coming to trial. Only a small proportion of suits commenced reached a verdict; some were resolved extra‐curially by arbitration or private settlement, but many suits were entirely tactical in character, and were never...
Numbers Reference library
Terence E. Fretheim and Terence E. Fretheim
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...( 2:1–34 ) The Encampment With the tabernacle centred in the camp, and the Levites camped immediately around it (see num 3), God commands that the tribes be precisely ordered around the perimeter. They are to be ordered as companies (‘hosts’ or ‘armies’), specifying military readiness. Three tribes are to be positioned at each side of the tabernacle, under their distinctive banners; each triad is named for the dominant tribe of the three (seen from the perspective of Israel's later history; cf. Gen 49 ), which is flanked by the other two tribes in each...
1 John, 2 John, and 3 John Reference library
Judith Lieu, Judith Lieu, Judith Lieu, and Judith Lieu
The Oxford Bible Commentary
... b ) it might seem that the best expression of love was not to join the schism, but the ‘Johannine’ appeal to the example of Jesus' (‘he’ = ekeinos ) self-sacrifice ( cf. Jn 15:13 ), makes it broader. Yet literal self-sacrifice may not be meant, for the only application is the readiness to share one's ‘goods’ or life (cf. 1 jn 2:16 ) with a fellow believer in need. This is the only hint that differences of class or wealth may have contributed to the schism. The passage has concentrated on love among believers; in 3:17 ‘God's love’ may be the love which...
Genesis Reference library
R. N. Whybray and R. N. Whybray
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...in the whole of Scripture ( see Gal 3:7–9; Jas 2:23; cf. Heb 11:8–10 ) and has been taken, together with other instances of Abraham's faith, particularly his readiness to leave Haran and his willingness to sacrifice his son Isaac ( ch. 22 ) as the foundation of the doctrine of justification by faith, even though its precise meaning has been disputed. That it is an expression of Abraham's readiness to trust God's promise cannot be doubted. vv. 7–21, like 1–6 , are probably a creation of the author with no older tradition behind it. They are also concerned...
1 Maccabees Reference library
U. Rappaport and U. Rappaport
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...or one of his sources. Yet it stresses some interesting points. v. 71 , ‘come down to the plain’, the Jewish forces were well-adapted to fight in the mountainous area of Judea, but deficient in the plain, where the Seleucid forces could use their phalanx and cavalry. The readiness of Jonathan to descend to the plain is a turning-point in Hasmonean warfare, and shows the considerable development of the Jewish army ( see Shatzman 1991 : 12 ). The ‘power of the cities’, Apollonius' force included, or was mainly composed of, the poleis ' militia. These...
Introduction to the Pauline Corpus Reference library
Terence L. Donaldson
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...readily imagine circumstances in which even a Jewish family would have been able to share in this largesse. At the same time, however, full weight needs to be given to two additional items of information. First, Paul himself nowhere alludes to Roman citizenship, despite his readiness to boast about other items on his curriculum vitae when it served his purposes. Second, Paul's Roman citizenship could be seen as too neatly consistent with one of Luke's major themes—namely, that Roman officials repeatedly took the Christians' side, or at least demonstrated...
Mark Reference library
C. M. Tuckett and C. M. Tuckett
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...occupies more space). But maybe precisely by dampening down some sorts of enthusiasm, in particular by pointing away from the likelihood of any preliminary signs to the coming of the End, and by pointing to the suddenness of the End when it comes, the exhortation to constant readiness and vigilance ( vv. 33–7 ) can be asserted. ( 13:1–4 ) The Occasion of the Discourse The discourse is set in the context of the temple and, at least in part, is presented as an answer to the question about the timing of the destruction of the temple. The disciples' comment about...
1 & 2 Samuel Reference library
Gwilym H. Jones, Gwilym H. Jones, and Gwilym H. Jones
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...from David, and is, therefore, part of God's plan to bring his king-elect to the throne. Although that is the interpretation of events given in the biblical account, there is evidence that David himself had taken several shrewd steps aimed at strengthening his position in readiness for taking the throne. By marrying Abigail he had already obtained a power-base in Hebron ( 1 Sam 25:3 ), and he had also sent gifts to its inhabitants after his defeat of the Amalekites ( 1 Sam 30:31 ). Hebron was certainly the most powerful town in the region, and it was there...
event-related potential
evoked potential
contingent negative variation
Libet's delay
homunculus
consciousness
