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Kashmir, Conflict in Reference library
Raza Rahman Khan Qazi
The Oxford Companion to International Relations
...Pakistan have both claimed the entire state as their integral part. Pakistan's territorial claim on Kashmir has its roots in the country's Islamic ideology, which considered all the Muslim majority areas of pre-independence India as part of Pakistan. That very ideology was the raison d’être of Pakistan. Against this backdrop, Pakistan has consistently demanded inclusion of all of Kashmir in Pakistan, and as part of an unfinished agenda of the formula of division of Indian subcontinent into two independent states—India and Pakistan—by British colonial rulers....
Gender and Global Security Reference library
Valerie M. Hudson, R. Charli Carpenter, and Mary Caprioli
The International Studies Encyclopedia
...and regional security institutions. This marked a fundamental shift in the global security agenda from hard security concerns to a human security agenda. Yet the very rhetoric of womens rights was then used to justify a war and occupation that arguably undermines the very raison dtre of the United Nations. What are security scholars to make of these contradictions? More importantly, what difference does gender and the use of gendered policies make for national, international, and global security, as concepts or as fields of study through which international...
LOGOS (GREEK) Reference library
Barbara Cassin, Clara Auvray-Assayas, Frédérique Ildefonse, Jean Lallot, Sandra Laugier, and Sophie Roesch
Dictionary of Untranslatables: A Philosophical Lexicon
...as (for instance) ax-ness is the logos of the ax—and we should add that it is the logos of the soul to be logos of the body (see 412b 11–16). Logos , designating what gives form to a thing, thereby constitutes its definition: it is simultaneously “essence,” “finality,” “raison d’etre,” “definition,” and “account” (as the swarm of translations at 412b 10 testifies: “this is what the soul is,” that is, ousia … hê kata ton logon [ οὐσία … ἡ ϰατά τὸν λόγον ]: “a substance … in the sense of form” [Barbotin]; “substance, that corresponding to the...
PRAXIS (GREEK) Reference library
Étienne Balibar, Barbara Cassin, and Sandra Laugier
Dictionary of Untranslatables: A Philosophical Lexicon
...(1.5, 1097b8–11). C. From Practical-Political Autarky to Theoretical Autarky Yet this presentation, which was to have immense influence (down to Machiavelli and the classical doctrines of prudentia and the art or skill peculiar to politics: Staatsklugheit , and even raison d’État , and so on), is questioned in book 10 of the Nicomachean Ethics , which discusses the relation between pleasure and activity (10.4, 1174b23: “ teleioi de tên energeian hê hêdonê [ τελειοῖ δὲ τὴν ἐνέϱγειαν ἡ ἡδονή ],” pleasure completes—or “finalizes,” as we might now...
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