primary research Quick reference
A Dictionary of Marketing (4 ed.)
... research Techniques of original data collection or research direct from the target respondents . Primary research is different from secondary research in that secondary research uses data or research that has already been collected. Primary research includes qualitative and quantitative research and can include surveys , focus groups , questionnaires , and interviews . Since primary research typically takes anywhere from weeks to months to gather and is very expensive, secondary sources are typically exhausted first before any primary research is...
primary research
1700 to the Present Reference library
Ronald Clements
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...focus of research. In no small measure the understanding of biblical prophecy also demanded a comparable change. If the physical universe is an objective reality which is subject to certain observable laws, is not the course of events which occur within it subject to comparable laws? So the causes and consequences of historical events required to be researched and interpreted in a more scientific way. The matter was of importance to the popular understanding of the Bible, since the foretellings and fulfilments of prophecy provided the primary point of...
Britain and America: A Common Heritage Quick reference
George Redmonds
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...researchers in the two countries may appear to share common ground, but that is only partly true. Most obviously there are significant differences in matters such as local administration, territorial history, and documentation, but more to the point are the fundamental differences in the motivation and aims of the researchers. Where genealogy is concerned, the obligation seems to lie with the emigrants’ descendants. Many Americans are fortunate enough to have access to detailed and accurate evidence of their family origins, thanks to research carried...
Domestic Buildings Quick reference
Malcolm Airs
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...is a useful study in the application of an archaeological approach to domestic buildings across the whole social spectrum. Some of the primary sources, such as estate records , topographical views, maps, and old photographs, which have been cited for the country house can also be used in the study of rural vernacular housing, but they rarely allow more than a general impression and the opportunities for documentary research at this social level are very much more restricted. Manorial court rolls and other manorial records are sometimes helpful, and probate...
African‐Caribbean Genealogy Quick reference
Guy Grannum
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...did not end until 1 August 1838 . Researching Caribbean families is similar to researching families in Britain: the British took their social, legal, and ecclesiastical systems with them to the Caribbean. Britain does not hold the locally created records of her dependencies and former colonies. Most surviving records are to be found in the archives and registration offices in the relevant country. The types of record created by these colonies will be familiar to those who have undertaken genealogical research in Britain. Differences will be experienced...
The Caliphate and the Bases of Power Reference library
‘Alī ‘Abd Al-Rāziq
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...establish whatever political system they wish, as long as it does not violate the primary principles of the faith, such as fasting during Ramadan, prayer, or pilgrimage, or, in more general terms, as long as it does not permit what God has prohibited or proscribe what God has allowed. Apostleship and Governance We hope that the reader will not be alarmed by this study, which aims at discovering whether or not the Prophet was a king. One should not think that research like this is dangerous for religion or harmful to faith for those who undertake it....
Irish Local and Family History Quick reference
Kevin Whelan
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...remains to do as much as possible of the research in one's own country prior to consulting Irish records; without establishing a county of origin at a minimum, Irish research is likely to prove tedious and difficult. Armed with a county of origin (even more preferably, of a parish or townland ), researchers are likely to find their work much quicker and more productive. It should be possible to trace well back towards the early 19th century a ‘standard’ Irish family. One should also visit the place of origin of the ancestor, where there is quite likely to be...
Scottish Local and Family History Quick reference
David moody
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...machinery, and the design of cradles. The European Ethnological Research Centre, based in the Department of Celtic and Scottish Studies, is halfway through the publication of a fourteen‐volume ‘compendium of Scottish ethnology’, e.g. Scotland's buildings ( 2003 ). The Scottish Industrial Archaeological Unit, associated with the names of John Butt and John Hume, extended such work beyond the traditional agrarian economy. One major strand of the antiquarian tradition was the publishing of primary sources. The first of the dedicated societies, the Roxburghe, was...
Qur'an and Woman Reference library
Amina Wadud-Muhsin
Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook
... Because woman's primary distinction is on the basis of her childbearing ability, it is seen as her primary function. The use of “primary” has had negative connotations in that it has been held to imply that women can only be mothers. Therefore, women's entire upbringing must be to cultivate devoted wives and ideal mothers in preparation for this function. There is no term in the Qur'an which indicates that childbearing is “primary” to a woman. No indication is given that mothering is her...
29 The History of the Book in Modern Greece, c.1453–2000 Reference library
Alexis Politis
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...a substantial body of modern Greek literature, appeared between 1953 and 1958 . In 1955 , Atlantis, the earliest five-colour *rotogravure press, was established. State literature and essay prizes were inaugurated in 1958 , as was the National Research Foundation’s Centre for Modern Greek Research, which has worked systematically on the history of the Greek book. In the 1960s the Galaxy Press emerged, producing the first successful series of pocket books featuring quality Greek and foreign literature; its 300 titles were often reprinted, some...
The Need for Civilizational Dialogue Reference library
Ibrahim Anwar
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...engagement and cultural enrichment must take the place of the fear of competition. In this enterprise no region should be totally forgotten for reasons of economic backwardness, for that would be tantamount to moral abdication. The global convivancia that is to be the primary motif of civilizational dialogue is not alltogether new. Centuries before us Dante envisaged the establishment of the “universal community of human race”: a community dedicated to justice and the realization of man's intellectual potential. Several times in the past it was...
Tracing a Family Tree: Getting Started Quick reference
David Hey
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...from the beginning that all sources of information need to be looked at critically for they may contain errors. Nevertheless, tombstones often convey information, e.g. about a relationship or precise place of residence, that the researcher did not know. Remember also that many of our ancestors were illiterate before primary education became compulsory in the late 19th century, so names were often spelt in a variety of ways. There was no correct spelling for a surname. You may find tombstones side by side with different spellings of the same family name....
The Problem of ‘Ulama’ Reference library
Alhaji Adeleke Dirisu Ajijola
Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook
... But, the real question is not whether Islamic civil law should be applied or not, which all Muslims accept, but whether Nigeria should continue to apply classical juristic work without any modification or whether Islamic civil law in Nigeria should be applied within the primary source of Islamic law, i.e. the Qur'an and tradition of the Prophet. . . . The problem of Muslims in Nigeria is that many of the so-called Arabists believe that juristic work is so comprehensive that it provides solutions to all human problems for all times. ...
The Evolution and Devolution of Religious Knowledge Reference library
Abdul-Karim Soroush
Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook
...England, was until recently a dean at the Research Institute for Human Sciences in Tehran and “one of the most prominent speakers in Iran in the 1990s,” lecturing at mosques, universities, and over the radio. 1 Soroush used this prominent position to argue forcefully for a rethinking of Islam's relationship to the non-Muslim West. In particular, his studies in the philosophy of science have led him to suggest that Islamic nations can and must allow scientific advance, including relatively free conditions for researchers, and that religion can be studied...
4 Maccabees Reference library
David J. Elliott
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...to confront Israel's enemy. Apollonius is all but dead at the hands of the heavenly host when he begs ‘the Hebrews to pray for him and propitiate the wrath of the heavenly army’ ( v. 11 ). The idea of propitiation expressed here is important for the theology of 4 Maccabees. Of primary significance is the Greek word used to describe this form of atonement: exeumenisōntai, from the verb eumenizō (cf. the Eumenides, Latin Furies). This form of the verb is in the third person plural (to agree with the plural Hebrews) aorist subjunctive. With hopōs , it is...
45 The History of the Book in New Zealand Reference library
Shef Rogers
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...an opportunity in the market because of the high prices of imported texts, Whitcombe & Tombs began selling, then publishing, school textbooks. The first challenge to the firm’s dominance came in 1907 , when the government established the School Journal , distributed free to primary schools. Only after World War II, however, did the newly formed School Publications Branch of the Education Department begin producing a regular series of publications that gradually eroded Whitcombe & Tombs’s textbook market. Although the average *press run for a textbook...
Liberation Theology: Latin America Reference library
M. Daniel Carroll R.
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
... Liberation Theology: Latin America M. Daniel Carroll R. Fundamental Commitments Latin American liberation theology conceives of its primary responsibility as doing theology from a lived experience with the poor in solidarity with their struggle for a life free from oppression. This starting point reorients the whole nature of the theological enterprise, which then is defined as the effort to reflect critically on harsh contextual realities in the light of Christian faith. Theology is a ‘second act’ that reshapes that faith,...
Before Israel: Syria-Palestine in the Bronze Age Reference library
Wayne T. Pitard
Oxford History of the Biblical World
... centuries. The second primary power was the revived Egypt, which under the pharaohs of the New Kingdom (1550–1069) ruled an empire that encompassed all of Palestine and southern Syria and contended for control of central Syria, a goal that naturally brought it in conflict with Mitanni. The third state, Hatti in central Turkey, did not emerge as an interregional power until the rise of King Suppiluliumas in the mid-fourteenth century. Once on the scene, however, Hatti replaced Mitanni as the master of northern Syria and as Egypt's primary rival. Syria-Palestine...
The Twentieth Century Quick reference
Brian M. Short
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...covering eastern England in the East Anglian Film Archive, with over 60 000 films or videos (University of East Anglia), or north‐west England in the North West Film Archive (Manchester Metropolitan University). Highly relevant secondary sources, but which contain the primary records of early 20th‐century social investigators, can also be found in such volumes as H. Llewellyn Smith , The New Survey of London Life and Labour (1930–5) , in the tradition of Charles Booth 's earlier work, and Seebohm Rowntree's three studies of York in Poverty: A...
