pooled sovereignty Quick reference
Berthold Rittberger
A Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics and International Relations (4 ed.)
... sovereignty A term used to denote the sharing of decision‐making powers between states in systems of international cooperation. Whereas unanimous decision‐making between states leaves sovereignty unscathed, given the right of any state to unilaterally veto decisions, pooling of sovereignty implies a departure from unanimous decision‐making. The most prominent system of international cooperation in which sovereignty is pooled is the European Union ( EU ). In a number of issue areas which have been defined in the treaty and subsequent treaty amendments,...
pooled sovereignty
Religion and Liberty Reference library
Mehdi Bazargan
Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook
...participation in their own affairs, their self-determination, and, to use the contemporary parlance, the national sovereignty. The hadith [tradition of the Prophet] that states: “Every one of you is a shepherd (of the community), and all are responsible for their dependents and herd,” also expressed a reciprocal social responsibility and public involvement, and in a different manner announced the principle of democracy, “sovereignty of the people over the people” (11 centuries before Europe). Islamic government cannot help but be at once consultative,...
The Four Gospels in Synopsis Reference library
Henry Wansbrough
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...other three gospels it forms the climax ( Mk 11:15–19 ). John relates many fewer miracles, but almost invariably these are developed by means of a subsequent long discourse of Jesus or by a controversy that brings out the sense and meaning of the event (for example the cure at the Pool of Bethesda continues into a discourse on the works of the Son, Jn 5 ; the multiplication of loaves flowers into the bread of life discourse, Jn 6:1–15, 22–66 ). While the Jesus of the first three gospels turns attention away from himself to the kingship of God, in John the...
Kinship and Kingship: The Early Monarchy Reference library
Carol Meyers
Oxford History of the Biblical World
...sociopolitical form. The monarchic state is an exceptionally powerful organizational construct. No matter how benign its rulers, it characteristically exists by dint of greater inequity in the distribution of resources than in virtually any other form of human collective. The pooling of resources can allow a state to make enormous changes, for better or worse, in the material and demographic shape of its territory. Furthermore, in giving up substantial amounts of individual or regional autonomy to state control, people may find themselves subject to despotic...
Israel among the Nations: The Persian Period Reference library
Mary Joan Winn Leith
Oxford History of the Biblical World
...His successful uprising won for Cyrus the territories of the Medes and provided him with a substantial pool of army recruits. Cyrus's next target was the Lydian kingdom of Croesus, an ally of Babylonia. Herodotus recounts a famous story of Croesus's visit to Delphi, where he was delighted to hear from the Delphic Oracle that if he attacked the Persians as planned, he would “destroy a great empire.” But in 546 Cyrus effectively destroyed Lydian sovereignty by a surprise winter assault on Sardis, Croesus's supposedly impregnable capital. By a combination of...
Essay with Commentary on Post-Biblical Jewish Literature Reference library
Philip S. Alexander
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...Qumran community is obvious. If the Qumran community was celibate, then it could not have renewed itself by natural means. It would have had to rely on fresh vocations to replace the members who had died or left. The support groups, which did marry, would have provided a natural pool of recruitment. The Damascus Rule is in the same style of Hebrew as the Community Rule . The earliest copy of it found at Qumran seems to date to around the mid-first century bce , long after the Quman community was founded. This may be purely accidental. However, it might...
Jeremiah Reference library
Kathleen M. O'Connor and Kathleen M. O'Connor
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...but the communal liturgical voice, in form and language similar to other communal liturgies in the book, gives expression to the implied exilic audience. The praise casts them as the blessed who trust in YHWH ( vv. 7–8 ), their miqwēh, meaning both ‘hope’ ( see 14:8, 22 ) and ‘pool’ ( Holladay 1986 : 502 ). Their praise ( v. 13 ) links them with the tree planted by the water ( vv. 7–8 ) and with the ones who seek the fountain of living water ( v. 13 ). They curse those, once among them, who have forsaken the fountain of living water ( see 2:13 ). Those...
democratic deficit
Geoffrey Howe
globalization
sovereignty Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
... Ultimate authority, held by a person or institution, against which there is no appeal. In early modern Europe, sovereignty came to be ascribed to the absolute monarchs of the new nation‐states. In Britain, sovereignty resides in Parliament. In most countries, it now resides in ‘the people’. Since 1945 states agreed to pool sovereignty in certain intergovernmental organizations, such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) and the European Union ( EU...
Lakshadweep (India) Quick reference
Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names (6 ed.)
...since 1956 , having passed to India on independence in 1947 after 148 years of British sovereignty. The name means ‘Hundred Thousand Islands’ from the Sanskrit and Malayalam laksha ‘hundred thousand’ and dvīpa ‘island’, although the actual number is about 25. The former name was in use in 1956–73 . The name of the island of Minicoy, the southernmost island and historically part of the Maldives, is said to come from min ‘fish’ and kayam ‘deep pool...
sovereignty Quick reference
A Dictionary of Human Geography
...be pooled, unbundled, and distributed in complex ways ( see European Union ). Aihwa Ong, for example, uses the term ‘graduated sovereignty’ to describe the process by which states accord differential rights to spatial zones, citizens, and non-citizens. John Agnew proposes a distinction between different ‘sovereignty regimes’ according to their degrees of central state authority (strong or weak), and extent of territoriality (consolidated or open). The classic form of sovereignty has a strong state and its power is consolidated within a given territory. By...
international monetary law Reference library
The New Oxford Companion to Law
...had agreed to transfer that sovereignty to the European Community . In any event, the right to issue an individual, national currency would be lost. It was the outright and irrevocable transfer of national monetary sovereignty which cased such angst in the debates over the United Kingdom 's prospective membership of the eurozone. Yet in practice, monetary sovereignty is not simply lost when a monetary zone is created. Rather, sovereignty is pooled because the new institutions charged with the conduct of monetary policy are composed of representatives...
sovereignty and the European Union Reference library
The New Oxford Companion to Law
...political community. The European Community ( ‘EC’ ) Treaty is perhaps the quintessential example of such ‘pooling’ of national sovereignty by individual states, allowing the exercise of state powers by the EC on the international level. In two cases decided as early as 1963 and 1964 , the European Court of Justice ( ‘ECJ’ ) stated that the Member States had granted powers to the European Community ‘stemming from a limitation of sovereignty’, which meant that ‘the Member States [had] limited their sovereign rights’, although only within those fields...
Intersecting Geographies of Institutions and Sovereignty Reference library
Alexander B. Murphy
The International Studies Encyclopedia
... Agnew, J.A. (2005) Sovereignty Regimes: Territoriality and State Authority in Contemporary World Politics. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 95 (2), 437–61. Anderson, J. (2008) Partition, Consociation, Border-Crossing: Some Lessons from the National Conflict in Ireland/Northern Ireland. Nations and Nationalism 14 (1), 85–104. Austin, C. , and Kumar, M. (1998) Sovereignty in the Global Economy: An Evolving Geopolitical Concept. Geography Research Forum 18, 49–64. Berg, E. (2006) Pooling Sovereignty, Losing Territoriality?...
democratic deficit Quick reference
Berthold Rittberger
A Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics and International Relations (4 ed.)
...such as direct or indirect citizen participation through elections as well as scrutiny and accountability of policy‐makers. Not only is there broad agreement on these principles across democratic states, within the EU there is also broad agreement that the delegation and pooling of sovereignty reduces the possibility of national parliaments and citizens to hold national policy‐makers accountable. Yet, there is disagreement conerning solutions to the democratic deficit. For example, some see the empowerment of the powers of the directly elected European...
supranationalism Quick reference
Andrew Hurrell
A Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics and International Relations (4 ed.)
...Refers to the formal transfer of legal authority and decision‐making power from member states to an institution or international body. In this context Moravcsik distinguishes between ‘pooled sovereignty’ when governments agree to make future decisions by voting procedures other than unanimity; and ‘delegated sovereignty’ when supranational actors are given the authority to take certain sorts of decisions without either a vote amongst affected governments or the capacity of states to veto the decision. Although often used loosely to describe any...
di Brazza, Pierre Savorgnan (1852–1905) Reference library
The Oxford Companion to World Exploration
...territorial claim for France in the Stanley Pool region of the Congo River ahead of his rival Henry Morton Stanley , then in the employ of King Leopold II of Belgium. Facilitated by the good relations he had established with the natives on the previous expedition, Brazza was able to advance quickly up the Ogowe and founded the post of Franceville at the confluence with the Passa in June 1880 . Again heading east on foot, but this time skirting the troublesome Apfourus, Brazza reached the north shore of Stanley Pool and on September 10, 1880 , obtained the...
