police state Quick reference
A Dictionary of World History (3 ed.)
... state A state in which a national police organization, often secret, is under the direct control of an authoritarian government, whose political purposes it serves, sometimes to the extent of becoming a state within a state. The inhabitants of a police state experience restrictions on their mobility, and on their freedom to express or communicate political or other views, which are subject to police monitoring or enforcement. In some cases, the exercise of police control is supported by systems, such as internal passports or internal exile, or by...
police state Reference library
Dictionary of the Social Sciences
... state A state in which the police and/or military exercise unlimited power and dominate the political system. Terror, secrecy, surveillance, detention, torture, and executions are used to crush dissent and prevent organized opposition. The term was initially used to describe Germany society under Nazi rule. See also Nazism ; and totalitarianism...
Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz Reference library
Melvin I. Urofsky
The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States (2 ed.)
...Department of State Police v. Sitz , 496 U.S. 444 ( 1990 ), argued 27 Feb. 1990 , decided 14 June 1990 by vote of 6 to 3; Rehnquist for the Court, Blackmun concurring, Brennan , Marshall , and Stevens in dissent. Michigan had established a highway sobriety checkpoint program with specific guidelines regarding operation of the checkpoints, site selection, and publicity. In its first operation, state police arrested two persons out of 126 vehicles for driving under the influence of alcohol. Before the program could continue, a group of licensed...
Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz Quick reference
The Oxford Guide to United States Supreme Court Decisions (2 ed.)
...Department of State Police v. Sitz , 496 U.S. 444 ( 1990 ), argued 27 Feb. 1990 , decided 14 June 1990 by vote of 6 to 3; Rehnquist for the Court, Blackmun concurring, Brennan, Marshall, and Stevens in dissent. Michigan had established a highway sobriety checkpoint program with specific guidelines regarding operation of the checkpoints, site selection, and publicity. In its first operation, state police arrested two persons out of 126 vehicles for driving under the influence of alcohol. Before the program could continue, a group of licensed Michigan...
police state
Non-State Policing in Africa Reference library
S. J. Cooper-Knock
The Oxford Encyclopedia of African Politics
...Non-State Policing So if policing stretches beyond the state police, how best can we conceptualize the other actors involved? The answer is with difficulty. The catch-all term of “non-state policing” makes intuitive sense, but the more that we try to drill down on parameters of that term, the more difficult the definitional work becomes: What is the state? Where are its institutional borders? While the terms “state” and “non-state” might seem neat and mutually exclusive, in practice they are messy and entangled. The fact that we might imagine the state to be...
Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz
Policing Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...’ of police, which would achieve ‘the PREVENTION and DETECTION OF CRIMES, and … those other Functions which relate to INTERNAL REGULATIONS for the well ordering and comfort of Civil Society’. A professional police force would protect property by keeping the poor under constant surveillance; they would arrest and punish the criminals, but they could also use popular forms of recreation ‘to give the minds of the People a right bias’. Drawing a metaphor from the industrialization occurring around him, Colquhoun stated: ‘Police is an improved state of Society...
A Separate Muslim State in the Subcontinent Reference library
Muhammad Iqbāl
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...state. Self-government within the British Empire, or without the British Empire, and the formation of a consolidated North-West Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims, at least of North-West India. The idea need not alarm the Hindus or the British. India is the greatest Muslim country in the world. The life of Islam as a cultural force in this country very largely depends on its centralisation in a specified territory. This centralisation of the most living portion of the Muslims of India whose military and police...
The Caliphate and the Bases of Power Reference library
‘Alī ‘Abd Al-Rāziq
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...terms such as “state” or “government.” Such was the situation of the Arabs at the death of the Prophet. They formed a general religious unity embracing, with rare exceptions, completely different states. This is an indisputable truth. . . . The Prophet went to his celestial repose without having named anyone to succeed him and without having indicated who might take his place in the nation. There is no doubt about this. During all his life the Prophet made no allusion to anything which could be called an “Islamic State” or an “Arab state.” It would be...
35 The Slavonic Book in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus Reference library
Christine Thomas
The Oxford Companion to the Book
... of local police. Half a dozen independent presses sprang up in Moscow, including Lopukhin’s Masonic press, with which Novikov was closely associated. It published some 50 works before being closed down in 1786 . By 1801 , 33 private presses had opened in Moscow or St Petersburg, publishing over two-thirds of Russian books. Most private printers were from the merchant class; the majority were non-Russian, and largely German-speakers. There was a smaller group of ‘intellectual’ publishers. For all private publishers, finances were precarious. State monopolies...
Taleqani's Last Sermon Reference library
Mahmud Taleqani
Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook
...benefit of one group, one class, over others. This was the mission of your Prophet, [and] we also must pursue this same mission. These martyrs also were pursuing this same mission, against imposed culture, against imposed economics, against imposed laws, against police restrictions imposed upon the people sometimes in the name of religion, which is the most frightening of all. This is what the bishops and monks and their cooperation with the ruling classes have imposed on the people in the name of religion. This is the most frightening...
Compatibility: Neither Required nor an Issue Reference library
Ullah Jan Abid
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...mechanism based on the basic principles of Islam vis-à-vis sovereignty, legislation and due place for Shari’ah will turn Muslim countries to police states do not feel equally disturbed that few rulers in the Muslim world have been democratically elected and that many who speak of democracy and “moderation” actually believe only in self-perpetuation at all costs. The baseless threat of an Islamic State has contributed to support for these repressive regimes. In fact, there can never be truly representative governments in the Muslim world as long as...
Shura and Democracy Reference library
Osman Fathi
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...light of social ideals and circumstances. Women can be members of parliament, ministers in the government, judges, and military and police officers, according to their merits and credentials, since they share with men the right and responsibility to do what is right and avoid doing what is wrong ( 9:71 ). The Quran mentions the Queen of Sheba (27:28–44) , with no indication of Quranic disapproval of a female head of state. On the contrary, the Quran describes her strong personality and capable leadership. She did not ignore the leading persons in her...
Local Government Quick reference
R. W. Hoyle
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...2 817 paid constables were employed in England. That government chose to make advances in policing dependent on local initiative reflects the extreme sensitivity of the issue among conservative thinkers (who feared centralization and the appearance of a salaried magistracy). Making improvements in the quality of policing contingent on the decisions of an unelected elite was obviously unsatisfactory. In 1856 a further statute called into existence a uniform police force (although one which was still under the control of the county magistrates). The birth of...
Human History as Divine Revelation: A Dialogue Reference library
Mazrui Ali A.
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...the old man in 1985 in the name of Islamic hudud . Please read Taha's book, The Second Message of Islam (Northwestern University Press—originally written in Arabic). If God has been teaching human beings in installments about crime and punishment, and if there were no police, prisons, forensic science, or knowledge about DNA fourteen centuries ago, the type of punishments needed had to be truly severe enough to be a deterrent. Hence the hudud . Since then God has taught us more about crime, its causes, the methods of its investigation, the limits of...
