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money supply Quick reference
A Dictionary of Economics (5 ed.)
...money supply The amount of money in an economy. This may be the country’s own money, supplied by its banking system, or foreign money, used in preference to domestic money. There is no single accepted definition of what constitutes money: while notes and coin are legal tender and must be included in any definition, and bank deposits repayable on demand are unlikely to be excluded, there are various types of deposit in non-bank financial intermediaries such as building societies, and various forms of highly liquid security, which can be included or excluded...
money supply Quick reference
A Dictionary of Business and Management (6 ed.)
... supply The quantity of money issued by a country’s monetary authorities (usually the central bank). If the demand for money is stable, the widely accepted quantity theory of money implies that increases in the money supply will lead directly to an increase in the price level, i.e. to inflation. Since the 1970s most Western governments have attempted to reduce inflation by controlling the money supply. This raises two issues: (i) how to measure the money supply; (ii) how to control the money supply ( see monetary policy ). In the UK various measures of...
money supply Quick reference
A Dictionary of Finance and Banking (6 ed.)
... supply The quantity of money issued by a country’s monetary authorities (usually the central bank). If the demand for money is stable, the widely accepted quantity theory of money implies that increases in the money supply will lead directly to an increase in the price level, i.e. to inflation. Since the 1970s most Western governments have attempted to reduce inflation by controlling the money supply. This raises two issues: (i) how to measure the money supply; (ii) how to control the money supply ( see monetary policy ). In the UK various measures of...
money supply Reference library
The Handbook of International Financial Terms
...interest rates and terms control , in an attempt to influence the timing, availability, and cost of money and credit . It is prompted by the setting of particular government objectives, such as, price stability. Putting aside the theoretical controversies regarding the efficacy of monetary policy , as compared with fiscal policy , the former has now become associated with establishing of targets for the money supply. This is the total amount of money in circulation which can be measured in several ways, including M0 known as little MO or the ...
money-supply rules Quick reference
A Dictionary of Finance and Banking (6 ed.)
...-supply rules A policy in which a government or central bank commits itself in advance to certain rules governing the money supply . It is based on the belief that fiscal policy and monetary policy cannot affect the real variables in an economic situation but that uncertainty concerning government or central bank intentions can destabilize markets. In these circumstances a stable-policy rule is the best that can be achieved. See also rules versus discretion...
money supply
money-supply rules
Alexander's Empire and its Aftermath: The Hellenistic Period Reference library
Oxford Bible Atlas (4 ed.)
... establishing Seleucid control over. the region of Palestine. He sought to foster good relations with the Jews, supplying aid for the maintenance of the Temple and its sacrificial cult, and defending the status of Jerusalem and the Jewish religion. But Antiochus was defeated by Rome in the battle of Magnesia (190), as a result of which he lost Asia Minor and was placed under a heavy financial burden by the Romans. To raise money he followed the example of other Seleucid rulers in plundering wealthy sanctuaries, and it was apparently whilst...
Timon of Athens Reference library
Michael Dobson, Will Sharpe, and Anthony Davies
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)
...to borrow money from them. Flavius reports that the senators have already declined to make such a loan, but Timon sends him to borrow from Ventidius, who has recently inherited a fortune. 3.1 Lucullus at first assumes Timon’s servant has come to bring him another gift, but when he learns he has come for money he attempts to bribe him to tell Timon he has not seen him. The servant throws back the bribe and curses him. 3.2 Lucius, hearing from three strangers of Lucullus’ conduct, is indignant on Timon’s behalf, but when he is himself asked for money he makes...
The Characteristics of Islamic Economics Reference library
Āyatullāh Mahmūd
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...form of limited freedom in transactions and the supervision of the government over commodities, the simple law of supply and demand in the usual capitalist understanding cannot direct transactions. This is because demand in the usual capitalist usage and in actuality depends upon the ability to buy things and on having money. But demand, on the basis of Islamic jurisprudence, arises out of what is actually required by necessity. Therefore supply and the actual making available of goods will be limited to what is actually required by necessity. The marketplace...
The Merchant of Venice Reference library
Michael Dobson, Will Sharpe, and Anthony Davies
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)
... is Latin for ‘wolf’). Synopsis: 1.1 Antonio, a Venetian merchant, will not be cheered up by his associates, even the frivolous Graziano. Left alone with his friend Bassanio, who already owes him much money, he learns of Bassanio’s desire to woo an heiress of Belmont called Portia, for which Bassanio will need further money. Antonio urges Bassanio to borrow money on his credit for this purpose. 1.2 In Belmont, Portia reflects on her late father’s will, which obliges her to marry whichever suitor correctly chooses between three chests of gold, silver, and lead:...
Tobit Reference library
Joseph A. Fitzmyer, SJ and Joseph A. Fitzmyer, SJ
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...sum of money in far-off Rages in Media, he decided to send Tobias to get the money. At the same time at Ecbatana in Media, a young relative, Sarah, was also praying to die, because she suffered from the vituperation of maidservants, since all seven men to whom she had been given in marriage were slain by an evil demon Asmodeus, as they sought to approach her. In answer to the prayers of the two of them, Tobit and Sarah, God sent the angel Raphael to Nineveh. Raphael accompanied Tobias on his journey to Media to get his father's money. En route , when...
Social Justice in Islam Reference library
Sayyid Qutb
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...high standing, such as they enjoy in those human societies which lack a certainty of true values, or which give to them too slight an importance; in such conditions money alone becomes the supreme and fundamental value. In Islam money is not given this value; Islam refuses to admit that life can be reckoned in terms of a mouthful of bread, the appetites of the body, or a handful of money. Yet at the same time it demands a competence for every individual, and at times more than a competence, in order to remove the fear of destitution. On the other side...
Henry IV Part 2 Reference library
Michael Dobson
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)
...has Sir John arrested for breach of promise, explaining, before the Lord Chief Justice, who happens to pass, that he has lived at her expense for many years, owes her money, and has promised her marriage. Sir John attempts to convince the Justice that she is mad, but finally takes her aside, renews his promises to her, and convinces her to pawn her silver in order to lend him yet more money: Mistress Quickly even invites him to supper, asking whether he would like the prostitute Doll Tearsheet to be there too. The Justice receives discouraging news of the...
6 The European Printing Revolution Reference library
Cristina Dondi
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...came from the commercial sector, quite often from the Church, occasionally from the aristocracy. The financier would generally supply the cost of paper—equal to approximately half the total investment required to produce a book—and could also have an important role relating to the distribution of copies. The number of sheets per copy and the total press run had to be calculated in advance so as to buy enough paper; sufficient money had to be set aside for that part of the investment. Press runs in the 15 th century varied substantially according to the...
20c The History of the Book in Britain from 1914 Reference library
Claire Squires
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...During the Blitz, several publishers, including *Unwin , *Ward Lock , Hodder & Stoughton, and Macmillan, were bombed, losing business records and stock. The wholesaler *Simpkin , Marshall, which supplied many of Britain’s booksellers, received a direct hit. As a consequence, demand far outstripped publishers’ capacity to supply. The issues of supply continued well beyond 1945 , and the editor Diana Athill’s description of the ‘book-hungry days’ of the ‘post-war book famine’ was not exaggerated (Athill, 34). Wartime inhibited publishers in terms of...
48 The History of the Book in America Reference library
Scott E. Casper and Joan Shelley Rubin
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...contracts to print the laws and proceedings of the Pennsylvania assembly and issues of paper money for Pennsylvania, Delaware, and New Jersey, and he won Pennsylvania’s postmastership in 1737 . Through partnership arrangements, Franklin helped establish printing offices across the colonies, including his former *journeyman *Timothy ’s office in Charleston, South Carolina. He also set up paper mills (including Virginia’s first) to control the supply for his own printing and to assist printers elsewhere. By the 1750s , he was the colonies’ largest...
