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mandates Reference library
J. A. Cannon
The Oxford Companion to British History (2 ed.)
... . After the First World War, the colonial territories of the defeated powers were distributed to the victorious allies, under the general supervision of the League of Nations , which set up a Permanent Mandates Commission. It was insisted that the mandated territories would move towards self-government. Britain acquired Iraq, Trans-Jordan, and Palestine from Turkey, and Tanganyika, West Togoland, and South Cameroons from Germany. South Africa took German South West Africa, Australia became responsible for New Guinea, and New Zealand for Western Samoa....
Mandates Reference library
Richard A. Goodridge
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World
...over the interpretation of the mandate, such dispute would be referred to the Permanent Court of International Justice. The mandate agreements for Class A mandates emphasized the mandatories' role in establishing the social, political, administrative, and economic systems and institutions of the territories. Yet the Class A mandates differed from each other, especially in the case of Iraq, for which there was no actual charter conferring the mandate; the mandate for Iraq was terminated in 1932 . In the case of the mandate for Palestine, the agreement called in...
mandates Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Irish History (2 ed.)
... , letters sent in October 1605 to sixteen leading Dublin recusants by Lord Deputy Chichester requiring them to attend Protestant services. When they refused, they were hauled before the Court of Castle Chamber , fined, and imprisoned until such times as they conformed. The mandates campaign, subsequently extended to Kilkenny, Cork, Galway, and Drogheda, was suspended only when Old English conspiracies with Hugh O'Neill were uncovered after the Flight of the Earls . Hiram...
mandates Quick reference
A Dictionary of British History (3 ed.)
... After the First World War, the colonial territories of the defeated powers were distributed to the victorious allies, under the general supervision of the League of Nations , which set up a Permanent Mandates Commission. It was insisted that the mandated territories would move towards self‐government. Britain acquired Iraq, Trans‐Jordan, and Palestine from Turkey, and Tanganyika, West Togoland, and South Cameroons from Germany. South Africa took German South West Africa, Australia became responsible for New Guinea, and New Zealand for Western Samoa....
Mandates System Reference library
Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (3 ed.)
...League organ, the Permanent Mandates Commission . The mandates were assigned by the Supreme Council of the Peace Conference of Versailles as follows: ‘A’ mandates: to Great Britain, Iraq, Palestine, and Transjordan; to France, Syria, and Lebanon. Projected ‘A’ mandates in respect of Constantinople, the Straits, and Armenia were not proceeded with. ‘B’ mandates: to Great Britain, Tanganyika, ‘British’ Togoland, and ‘British’ Cameroons; to France, ‘French’ Togoland, and ‘French’ Cameroons; to Belgium and Ruanda-Urundi. ‘C’ mandates: to Australia and New Guinea;...
Permanent Mandates Commission Reference library
Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (3 ed.)
...Mandates Commission Art. 22(9) of the Covenant of the League of Nations provided that ‘[a] permanent Commission shall be constituted to receive and examine the annual reports of the mandatories and to advise the Council on all matters relating to the observance of the mandates’. The Commission was formally constituted in February 1921 , the Council having determined the membership, organization, and procedure of the P.M.C. in December 1920 and the Commission determining its own Rules of Procedure at its first meeting. The members were not State...
Mandates System, sovereignty and Reference library
Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (3 ed.)
... System, sovereignty and The whereabouts of sovereignty in relation to the Mandates System was formerly much discussed, the options canvases being: (1) in the mandatory powers— see R. v. Christian 1923–1924 A.D. No. 12 ; Lindley, The Acquisition and Government of Backward Territory ( 1931 ), 263, 267; (2) in the mandatory power, acting with the consent of the League of Nations Council—see Wright , Mandates under the League of Nations ( 1930 ); (3) in the Principal Allied Powers; (4) in the League—see Bentwich , The Mandate System ( 1930 ); and...
mandate (political theory, from 1796 in this sense) Reference library
Australian Law Dictionary (3 ed.)
...mandate (political theory, from 1796 in this sense) Special authorisation or command from the people, which supposedly empowers the government to take extreme measures in the national interest, based on their election promises. In 1998 the re-elected Howard Government claimed a mandate from the people, despite the government’s actual number of votes, which were less than those of the Opposition. The ‘mandate’ was relied upon to enact the new tax law. Parties who are in power tend to favour the idea of mandates, while those in opposition tend to favour the...
investment mandate Reference library
Australian Law Dictionary (3 ed.)
...investment mandate A direction given to a corporate commonwealth entity by the responsible minister in accordance with the legislation under which the entity is established (e.g. to the Clean Energy Finance Corporation under the Clean Energy Finance Corporation Act 2012 (Cth) (CEFC Act) s 64(1): ‘The responsible Ministers may, by legislative instrument, give the Board directions about the performance of the Corporation’s investment function, and must give at least one such direction. The directions together constitute the Investment Mandate.’) An...
Statute and mandate Reference library
A Dictionary of Oil & Gas Industry Terms (2 ed.)
...Statute and mandate ( S&M ) A legal scheme of arrangement by which a state’s entitlement to produced petroleum under a concession is transferred to a person for further on-sale....
mandates
Permanent Mandates Commission
Human Procreation Reference library
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
... Marriage in Islam is based not on one single objective or purpose such as procreation or sexual fulfillment. Rather, it is intended to cater to multiple purposes which include, above all, spiritual tranquility and peace, and cooperation and partnership in fulfilling the divine mandate. Let me explain this briefly. Islam, being a natural way of life, takes into account all of genuine human instincts such as physical, spiritual, intellectual, emotional, et cetera. It is for this reason that, unlike some other religious ideologies, Islam looks at sexuality positively...
India and English Government Reference library
Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khān
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...duty to the British Raj, and refrain from challenging its rule, lest the British abridge whatever benefits they had extended to the people. According to his logic, obedience to enlightened rule, which was how he characterized British administration in the country, was mandated by Islam itself. A great calamity over India, the Mutiny of 1857, had passed. We attributed it to want of education in India, and to the fact that the Indians did not understand what right the Government, whose subjects we are, had upon us, and what was our duty towards it. Combined...
Legislative Authority Reference library
Muhammad Khalaf-Allah
Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook
...are two rules: the rule of selecting “those in authority,” and the electoral rule that is applied in those countries that build their authority on the basis of counsel. The Professor Imam's [‘Abduh's] mention of the second rule indicates that general elections had not yet been mandated during his lifetime, and that governing was not parliamentary. Today, we practice our electoral life based on the second rule. We have a parliament, and in it there are a variety of specialized committees overseeing matters from a technical perspective, which they...
On Martyrdom (Shahadat) Reference library
‘Alī Sharī‘atī
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...the threshold of decline in the face of the danger of dying forever. All of these miracles are performed by shahadat : arising and bearing witness. Sixty years after the hijrah , a savior would appear and arise upon this black and silent graveyard. And Husayn, aware of his mandate which human destiny has placed upon his shoulders, leaves Mecca without hesitation and moves toward his place of shahadat . . . . Shahadat , in summary, in our culture, contrary to other schools where it is considered to be an accident, an involvement, a death imposed upon a hero...
Christian-Muslim Democracy Reference library
Dimasangcay A. Pundato
Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook
...of the annual Muslim pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia has been so well coordinated. The Department of Foreign Affairs and other agencies of government have been actively involved in this yearly affair. More, however, has to be done for the Muslims. Thus, under the mandates of the 1987 Constitution, an Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao was organized. Today, the Autonomous Region has gradually but steadily been addressing the administrative needs and development requirements of the region. In many colleges and universities offering...
Religion and Liberty Reference library
Mehdi Bazargan
Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook
...rejected in the struggles of nationalists as well as Islamic intellectuals since the 1940s, was condemned and nullified during the [1979] revolution. The doctrine of “Mandate of the Jurisprudent” was explicitly introduced into the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran as a paramount principle. The religious scholars cast their shadow upon the government. The “Mandate of the Jurisprudent” or the sovereignty of religious scholars that is now being propagated with the help of the state propaganda, is an important and subtle issue that...
Islamic Government Reference library
Khumaynī Āyatullāh Rūhullāh
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...Iraq, in January and February 1970. He drew inspiration from the Iraqi Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr in arguing that the clergy has the right not only to serve in parliament but to rule; in fact, it is their duty to do so. This doctrine, known as wilayat al-faqih (the mandate of the jurist), has revolutionized the Shi‘i juristic theory of authority, although it remains contentious among many mujtahid s (clergymen qualified to exercise independent judgment). The idea of jurists exercising the substantive authority of the Imams Khomeini grounded in...
