Lumbering. Reference library
Thomas R. Cox
The Oxford Companion to United States History
...Lumbering. From the early Colonial Era , European settlers tapped North America's forests. Initially, lumbering was more an adjunct of farming than an industrial activity. In the early eighteenth century, however, a primitive lumber industry arose land in northern New England . By 1830 , Bangor, Maine, was the world's largest lumber-producing center, supplying markets along the Atlantic seaboard and in Europe. In the mid-nineteenth century, lumbering flourished in Pennsylvania and New York. Williamsport, Pennsylvania, became the new leader in production....
Lumbering Reference library
Thomas R. Cox
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Business, Labor, and Economic History
... From the early Colonial Era, European settlers tapped North America's forests. Initially, lumbering was more an adjunct of farming than an industrial activity. In the early eighteenth century, however, a primitive lumber industry arose on land in northern New England. By 1830 , Bangor, Maine, was the world's largest lumber-producing center, supplying markets along the Atlantic seaboard and in Europe. In the mid-nineteenth century, lumbering flourished in Pennsylvania and New York. Williamsport, Pennsylvania, became the new leader in production....
Forestry Technology and Lumbering Reference library
Thomas R. Cox
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the History of American Science, Medicine, and Technology
...Technology and Lumbering America’s lumbering includes four basic aspects: felling, transportation of the resulting logs, sawmilling, and moving the mills’ cut to market. All four underwent significant technological change over the years. Continental Europe provided much of the initial technology used in North America. Resistance to labor-saving innovations out of fear of job loss had kept English production simple and labor intensive; tools were inefficient, having been developed for agrarian use, not lumbering. Living under labor-short conditions,...
lumbering.
Lumbers Reference library
Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain
... 1881: 58; Hunts and Beds. English: variant of Lumber with post-medieval excrescent -s...
lumber Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of Architecture (4 ed.)
... Timber sawn and split for...
Lumber Reference library
Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain
... 1881: 229; Somerset. English: variant of Lombard with loss of final -d...
Lumber Reference library
Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable (19 ed.)
... Formerly a pawnbroker’s shop, from lombard . Thus Lady Murray ( Lives of the Baillies ( 1749 )) writes: ‘They put all the little plate they had in the lumber, which is pawning it, till the ships come home.’ From its use as applied to old broken boards and bits of wood, the word was extended to mean timber sawn and split, especially when the trees have been felled and sawn on the spot. Lumberjack A person whose work is felling trees. I’m a lumberjack and I’m okay, I sleep all night and I work all day Lumber-jacket A bright checked jacket such as a ...
lumber Quick reference
Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins (3 ed.)
...lumber [LME] The earliest lumber in English meant ‘to move in a slow, heavy, awkward way’. Its origin is not known, but its form may have been intended to suggest clumsiness or heaviness, rather like lump [ME]. This may have been the origin of lumber [M16th] in the sense ‘disused furniture and articles that take up space’, but people also associated the term with the old word lumber meaning ‘a pawnbroker’s shop’, which was an alteration of Lombard or ‘person from Lombardy’, known for their moneylending activities. The mainly North American sense ‘timber...
lumber industry Reference library
Ian Radforth
The Oxford Companion to Canadian History
... industry . No manufacturing industry has had a longer or larger impact on as many parts of Canada as the lumber industry. Sawmills and retail lumber outlets have peppered the country since the beginning of European settlement. In several regions of Canada in the mid-19th century, giant sawmills began devouring forest resources to produce vast quantities of sawn lumber for export. A basis was laid for one of Canada's largest export industries, one that has been fundamental to economic development in several parts of the country, from Nova Scotia to British...
Yukon Lumber Case Reference library
Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (3 ed.)
...Lumber Case (Great Britain v. United States) ( 1913 ) 6 R.I.A.A. 17 . A quantity of timber was, without the necessary permit, cut in the Yukon by two private persons and sold to the U.S. military authorities without all the Crown dues payable on the timber being paid by them to the Canadian Government. Britain claimed that the U.S. should either pay the dues or the value of the timber in question. Held , by the Arbitral Tribunal established by the Agreement of 18 August 1910 , that, the Canadian Government and the Crown Agent responsible for timber...
Lumber of the Schools Reference library
James O. Grunebaum
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (2 ed.)
... of the Schools . 'Tis you must put us in the Way; Let us (for shame) no more be fed With antique Reliques of the Dead, The Gleanings of Philosophy, Philosophy! the Lumber of the Schools … ( Jonathan Swift , ‘Ode to Sir William Temple’, line 20) Virtue, says Swift in this over-long ode, was broken at the Fall, and ancient wisdom will never reconstitute it. To ‘dig the leaden Mines of deep Philosophy’ only produces lifeless leavings—a perverse confirmation, apparently, of Plato's theory of recollection. The poem's almost existentialist excoriation of...
United States v. Darby Lumber Co. Reference library
The Oxford Guide to the United States Government
...States v. Darby Lumber Co. • 312 U.S. 100 ( 1941 ) • Vote: 9–0 • For the Court: Stone In 1938 , the U.S. Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act, which set minimum wages, maximum hours, and overtime pay regulations for workers in businesses involved in interstate commerce—that is, in shipping their products across state lines. Enactment of this federal law was based on Congress's power “to regulate Commerce … among the several States” (Article 1, Section 8, of the Constitution). The Darby Lumber Company claimed that the Fair Labor Standards Act...
Darby Lumber Co., United States v. Reference library
C. Herman Pritchett
The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States (2 ed.)
...Lumber Co., United States v. , 312 U.S. 100 ( 1941 ), argued 19– 20 Dec. 1940 , decided 3 Feb. 1941 by vote of 9 to 0; Stone for the Court. The Fair Labor Standards Act (often called the Wages and Hours Act), adopted in 1938 , was the last major piece of New Deal legislation. The statute provided for the setting of minimum wages and maximum hours for all employees in industries whose products were shipped in interstate commerce and made violation of the wages and hours standards unlawful. The act applied to all employees “engaged in commerce or in...
