loss of amenity Quick reference
A Dictionary of Law (10 ed.)
... of amenity Loss or reduction of a claimant’s mental or physical capacity to do the things he used to do, suffered as a result of personal injuries, including psychiatric injury. In actions for personal injuries the claimant may recover damages for loss of the amenities of life, in addition to his financial losses and an award for pain and suffering . Thus loss of the ability to play games or a musical instrument, if these were the claimant’s hobbies, will be taken into account in fixing damages. The assessment is based on an objective view of the value of...
loss of amenity
Local Government Quick reference
R. W. Hoyle
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...government in its heroic days of urban poverty, destitution, and disease in industrializing society is now well described in the literature. The less heroic history of the provision of elementary amenities by 20th‐century councils—the revolution in living standards wrought by the provision of mains water and sewerage and the spread of the tarmacadamed road, the rise or fall of municipal utility and transport companies—is less well known and provides fertile ground for the local historian. See D. Eastwood , Governing Rural England: Tradition and Transformation...
improvement
factory system
pain and suffering Reference library
The New Oxford Companion to Law
...losses are awarded under the heading pain and suffering and loss of amenity (‘ PSLA ’). Strictly speaking, pain and suffering should be distinguished from loss of amenity, though it is common to find the first term referring to both. In the United Kingdom , pain and suffering properly refers to the claimant's own feelings of pain and actual suffering. The concept is subjective, and damages for pain and suffering cannot be awarded where the claimant has wholly and permanently lost consciousness (eg in a coma). By contrast, loss of amenity is...
improvement (of rented premises) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Law (10 ed.)
...before the improvement was carried out. Some tenants are entitled to compensation for improvements at the end of their tenancy ( see farm business tenancy ). When rented dwellings lack certain basic amenities, the local authority can require the landlord to provide these amenities and carry out other repairs and improvements after service of an improvement notice . In the case of business tenancies and agricultural holdings, the tenant can claim compensation for...
small claims track Quick reference
A Dictionary of Law (10 ed.)
...allocated when the claim is for an amount of no more than £10,000. The limit is £5,000 for claims involving personal injury arising from a road traffic accident that occurred on or after 31 May 2021. For claims with respect to road traffic accidents before that date, as well as for all other injury claims, the limit is £1,000. The £5,000 limit is also subject to certain exceptions; for example, it does not apply where the claimant is a child or a protected party and it applies only to pain, suffering, and loss of amenity. The hearing is relatively informal and...
Mary of Gueldres (3 July 1449) Quick reference
The Kings and Queens of Britain (2 ed.)
...1460 she arrived at the siege of Roxburgh to encourage the troops, only to suffer the loss of her husband unexpectedly. Appointed as one of the seven regents for the new young king, she became head of the faction of ‘young lords’, but all were drawn into the English conflict between Lancastrians and Yorkists. Mary entertained Margaret of Anjou at Lincluden abbey in 1460 , and later sheltered Henry VI and Margaret after their defeat at Towton. Her diplomacy enabled Scotland to regain Berwick, but after the fiasco of the Norham castle siege ( 1463 ),...
compensation Reference library
The New Oxford Companion to Law
...as money can do that. Where the wrong is loss of reputation, or pain and suffering and loss of amenity, it cannot in reality be repaired or made good by money. But the law has the fiction that it can. The ‘fiction’ in fact extends beyond the proviso. The usual principle of compensation is that of ‘full compensation’, meaning that the person given a right to compensation should have her losses made good. While this may be possible in calculating the value of the loss of a bargain in contract law , or the value of land upon compulsory purchase , in fact so...
cost-benefit analysis Quick reference
A Dictionary of Human Geography
...that seeks to identify and quantify the relative costs and benefits of major public sector or state-promoted projects, such as a new nuclear power facility, a new railway line, or a new airport. Originating in the USA five decades ago, CBA has become increasingly comprehensive, technical, and contested over time. It involves three stages. First, the full range of costs and benefits in any given case must be identified, ranging from jobs created, to public health risks, to environmental amenities lost. Second, these various costs and benefits must, as far as...
factory system Quick reference
A Dictionary of British History (3 ed.)
...developed through several phases. Early factories were solidly built to accommodate the necessary machines and sources of power. Many factories became well‐built structures with decorative flourishes such as ornate chimneys. Idealistic entrepreneurs, such as Robert Owen or Titus Salt , provided good housing and public amenities for their workers. Modern ‘industrial estates’ are typically composed of a series of temporary boxes of little architectural...
property misdescriptions Reference library
The New Oxford Companion to Law
...1 makes it an offence, punishable by fine, to make ‘a false or misleading statement about a prescribed matter’. The Act does not, however, render any contract void or unenforceable or give any right of action in civil proceedings for any resulting loss. The prescribed matters include location, aspect, view, proximity to any services, places, or amenities, tenure, or estate. It is, however, a defence to show that all reasonable steps were taken and all due diligence was exercised to avoid committing the offence. Paula Giliker See also: fraud and...
Alves Park, Rodrigues (Woodland Park) Reference library
Hugo Segawa
The Oxford Companion to the Garden
...biggest public garden in the city, and despite the transformations and losses over its 100-year history it is still an important landmark, forming a natural reserve of Amazon vegetation. Divided into four quadrilaterals crossed by curving lines, its focal point is a central lake creating a scene typical of Brazilian gardens of the turn of the century, with amenities such as ponds, waterfalls, islands, footbridges, rotundas, grottoes, pavilions, and enclosures for birds and animals typical of the Amazon as well as areas for gymnastic exercise. The park was...
damages Reference library
The New Oxford Companion to Law
...the claimant as the result of conduct for which the defendant is responsible. The aim is to put the claimant in the position he or she would have been in if the conduct had not occurred. The losses that may be compensated vary according to the nature of the defendant's liability, but typically include the cost of repairing damaged property, and/or diminution in its value, and losses consequent upon personal injury, eg pain and suffering , loss of amenity, loss of earnings and medical costs. As can be seen, economic loss consequential upon property damage or...
factory system Reference library
R. Angus Buchanan
The Oxford Companion to British History (2 ed.)
...Owen or Titus Salt , saw their factories as part of a human community, and provided good housing and public amenities for their workers. Modern ‘industrial estates’ are typically composed of a series of temporary boxes which, while providing good light and a comfortable working environment, have little architectural distinction and can be easily scrapped when they become obsolete. The factory system has thus changed substantially over 200 years, in response to new industrial processes, changing sources of power and transport, and new social needs. But it...
preservation Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of Architecture (4 ed.)
...the loss of fine buildings prompted the founding of organizations to preserve ‘landmarks’, in the USA mostly through private finance. Catastrophic losses of historic fabric in Europe during the 1914–18 and 1939–45 wars led to a belated recognition that the preservation of historic buildings is of international importance, and from the mid-C20 states started to cooperate to this end. One example of an international rescue was the saving of the Ancient-Egyptian temples at Abu Simbel and Philae from inundation caused by the erection of the dam at...
Submarine Warfare Reference library
The Oxford Companion to American Military History
...few amenities. Still, submarines played a vital reconnaissance role from the start of the conflict. Eventually aided by radar , the decryption of Imperial Japanese Navy radio signals ( MAGIC ), and improved torpedoes, the greatly expanded submarine force scored notable sinkings, destroying one Japanese battleship, eight aircraft carriers , and eleven cruisers . More significantly, the U.S. Navy's submarines crippled Japan's merchant marine, sinking 5.3 million tons, or over half of its ships, in the most successful campaign of the war. Groups of U.S....
Philadelphia Reference library
Stephanie Grauman Wolf
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Cultural and Intellectual History
...not only the largest city in British North America but also the most modern, providing public amenities such as street lighting and an architecturally advanced cityscape featuring up-to-date buildings like Independence Hall ( 1735 ). For the next fifty years, Philadelphia also enjoyed something of a golden age in its politics, economy, and culture. Many key events in the formation of the new nation were centered there: the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution were all born in Philadelphia; and the national government...
Philadelphia. Reference library
Stephanie Grauman Wolf
The Oxford Companion to United States History
...only the largest city in British North America but the most modern as well, providing public amenities such as street lighting and an architecturally advanced cityscape featuring up-to-date buildings like Independence Hall ( 1735 ). For the next fifty years, Philadelphia also enjoyed something of a golden age in its politics, economy, and culture. Many key events in the formation of the new nation were centered there: the Declaration of Independence , the Articles of Confederation , and the Constitution were all born in Philadelphia; and the national...
