licensing acts Reference library
Jane Moody
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Theatre and Performance
... acts The Stage Licensing Act ( 1737 ) transformed the regulation of theatre in Britain and established a system for dramatic censorship which lasted until 1968 . Before this Act, Masters of the Revels had exercised some authority over the licensing and correcting of plays. This authority, however, was compromised by the granting of theatrical patents for London to Thomas Killigrew and William Davenant at the Restoration because the patents allowed the holders to censor those plays performed by their own companies. During the early 1730s,...
licensing acts Reference library
The Companion to Theatre and Performance
...polemic ). But the most immediate catalyst for the Licensing Bill was the determination of Robert Walpole, the Prime Minister, to quash the political *satires at the Little Theatre in the *Haymarket by *Fielding . At a time of great anxiety over public disorder and fears of impending revolution, playhouses became an easy target. The Licensing Act sought to control theatre in Westminster by limiting performances to those theatres acting under the authority of letters patent or licence from the Lord Chamberlain. In practice, this meant that...
licensing acts
Local Government Quick reference
R. W. Hoyle
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...little they had in the company of thieves and prostitutes. While the framework for licensing had been laid down by statute of 1552 , it was only in the late 16th century and more especially the early 17th that JPs began to implement the system vigorously with the aim of reducing the number of alehouses. Central government occasionally demanded that alehouses should be more tightly regulated, but a recent account argues that ‘the gradual evolution of a comprehensive licensing system between 1600 and around 1680 does not bear any close relationship to the...
Theatre Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...in the theatre as a political forum, it is not surprising that government, at both a local and national level, should keep a close eye on its proceedings. Two earlier acts of regulation exerted a powerful influence on the theatre of our period— Charles II 's granting in 1662 of exclusive rights or patents to perform drama to the courtiers Davenant and Killigrew, and the Stage Licensing Act of 1737 . The patents subsequently became the property of successive owners of Covent Garden and Drury Lane playhouses, known as the major or patent theatres, who used...
India and English Government Reference library
Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khān
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...be blamed for this course; whatever it will do will be a punishment for actions of the Indians themselves. Who can say that the Government is to be blamed for having, after the Mutiny of 1857, taken away arms from the people of India and prohibited their possession without a license? It was a punishment to the Indians for the misdeeds they committed during the Mutiny of 1857. Every fair-minded person will admit the Indians had in their evil deeds gone so far that the Government was compelled to pass the Arms Act. . . . The well-being of the people of India,...
20a The History of the Book in Britain, c.1475–1800 Reference library
Andrew Murphy
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...with one notable innovation: the appointment of an official surveyor and licenser of the press. This role was initially filled by *L’Estrange , who claimed to have suppressed more than 600 publications during his licensing career. The 1662 legislation was renewed in 1664 and 1665 , lapsed in 1679 , was revived in 1685 , and then finally lapsed again without any further renewal in 1695 . Government authorities seem not to have been unduly troubled by the loss of the licensing provisions that had been included in the legislation. Treadwell has noted...
Jude Reference library
C. Rowland and C. Rowland
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...in 1 Enoch , 6–10. They turn grace into licence (a common criticism of the effects of the Pauline gospel: Rom 6:1, cf. 3:31 ). The reference to the denial of Jesus Christ may suggest a Christological slant to the false teaching: Jesus was not part of their scheme of salvation, something which has often been missed in discussing the false teaching of the opponents in 1 John 2:22 ). Such a denial of Jesus is comprehensible within a situation of Jewish influence, though how that relates to the charges of licence is not clear. As in 1 Cor 10:5 the threat...
African‐Caribbean Genealogy Quick reference
Guy Grannum
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...papers and Hansard . They comprise minutes and reports of the legislative, executive, and privy councils, and departmental reports, and include petitions to the assembly, manumissions (freedom) granted by the legislature, and details of local appointments. Local acts and ordinances include private acts of naturalization in the colony, sales of land to recover debt, grants of manumission, appointments of office holders, and names of persons transported or deported from the colony. Blue Books of Statistics (annual publications from 1821 until the mid‐1940s)...
Tracing a Family Tree: Getting Started Quick reference
David Hey
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...local history collections at county libraries. In most cases admission is free, but it is wise to book an appointment, indeed essential if you wish to use a microfilm reader or computer. You will need to obtain a reader's ticket at the reception desk, so bring along a driving licence or some other means of identification. Go with a notebook and a pencil (for pens are not allowed as they might damage documents). Professional archivists will advise you on which records to search, though they are often very busy. It helps if you have already made some progress...
Reforming Islam and Islamic Law Reference library
Muhammad Sa‘id Al-‘Ashmawi
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...critical. Without an Islamic reformation—renewal of the Islamic mind, ethical code and respect for human rights—Muslims will be excluded from the international community and be severed from its time and history. Articles 98 and 161 must be annulled from Egyptian law. Legal license for militants and religious officials to intimidate intellectuals in the Muslim world must be curtailed. The way should be cleared for reformists to express their ideas through the media and press without intimidation, threat or prosecution. Without this, I fear for the future of...
12 The Economics of Print Reference library
Alexis Weedon
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...that was available until the first Copyright Act came into being. During the 18 th century, various legal remedies were tried to regulate the trade, including laws on copyright, trade protectionism, and taxation ( see taxes on knowledge ; stamp acts ). The lapse of the Printing Act was also the end of licensing, and taxes on printed matter, introduced in 1711 and later extended, became the means of regulating access to print. They continued until the mid-19 th century. By raising the price of newspapers and print, they effectively circumscribed their...
Luke Reference library
Eric Franklin and Eric Franklin
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...Luke tells how Stephen has a vision of the Son of Man in glory ( Acts 7:56 ), and it may be that he is thinking of moments like this. The disciples will long for the revelation of the Son of Man in glory and, in their urgency, may be tempted to fix their hopes on false substitutes. By the time Luke wrote, some disciples were saying that the parousia could be accepted as a present inner experience which had already taken place and which gave them an esoteric understanding and a licence to behave in a way that was unconstrained by the ethical standards of...
Central Government, Courts, and Taxation Quick reference
R. W. Hoyle
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...by a number of Acts ( 1722 , 1782 , and other local Acts). It was up to an individual parish whether it wanted to adopt these powers. At Ashwell (Hertfordshire) in 1728 , the vestry decided to establish a village workhouse and ordered the poor to move there. Fifteen months later a further vestry countermanded the first order, apparently after a coup against the first vestrymen. By 1834 there was no one Old Poor Law, but many parishes which had adopted different strategies towards their poor, some by taking advantage of general Acts, others by securing...
Political Theory of Islam Reference library
Mawdūdī Abū-L-‘Alā’
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...limits which, if observed by man, would stabilize his family life and make it a haven of peace and happiness. There would remain neither that tyranny of male over female which makes family life an inferno of cruelty and oppression, nor that satanic flood of female liberty and licence which threatens to destroy human civilization in the West. . . . The Purpose of the Islamic State The purpose of the state that may be formed on the basis of the Qur'ān and the Sunna has also been laid down by God. The Qur'ān says: We verily sent Our messengers with clear proofs...
Popular Culture Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...efforts were also made to head off potential disorder by silencing commercial *debating societies , by tightening restrictions on Sunday trading where groups of the common people might cluster, and by licensing popular chapels, *coffeehouses , *taverns, and alehouses as a means of controlling both proprietors and attendants [ see *gagging acts ]. Changes in popular custom have not, however, been ascribed only to the intervention of anxious ruling-class reformers. The dwindling of common land due to *enclosure limited the practice of public sports....
Democracy or Shuracracy Reference library
Murad Hofmann
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...But this hypothesis does not even reflect the Western theory of democracy, which also distinguishes rule of the people from rule of the mob. For this reason, Western constitutions not only protect their citizens from the State, but also the State from its own citizens’ license, and minorities from the majority. Western democracies all know some constitutional norms that transcend the law by being considered immutable. For German constitutional scholars, it is therefore plausible that there could even be such a thing as unconstitutional constitutional law...
Transitions and Trajectories: Jews and Christians in the Roman Empire Reference library
Barbara Geller
Oxford History of the Biblical World
...fourth and into the fifth and sixth centuries. Beginning in the decades before Julian's accession to power, the imperial campaign against paganism escalated gradually. By the end of the fourth century, both antipagan and anti-Jewish legislation would serve as licenses for the increasing number of acts of vandalism and violent destruction directed against pagan and Jewish places of worship carried out by Christian mobs, often at the instigation of the local clergy. In 383, Gratian (emperor in the west, 367–75; joint emperor in the west, 375–83)...
Into Exile: From the Assyrian Conquest of Israel to the Fall of Babylon Reference library
Mordechai Cogan
Oxford History of the Biblical World
...first of its kind from a Philistine city, that commemorates the dedication of a shrine to a hitherto unknown goddess by Ikausa son of Padi, king of Ekron. (Padi had been reinstalled by Sennacherib when hostilities ended in 701.) Manasseh, too, was able, no doubt with imperial license, to rebuild Judah's defenses and reconstruct Jerusalem's walls and gates. The written record complements this picture of growth and resurgence with its own point of view. Especially among the upper class, Judeans adopted foreign customs wholesale. Outlandish dress...
1 & 2 Kings Reference library
Walter Dietrich, Walter Dietrich, and Walter Dietrich
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...thinking, partly in fear of blood-revenge. The Bible is not interested in this, however, only stating that everything came to pass as it had to: Jeroboam was sinful, his ‘house’ had to disappear. The prophet Ahijah had announced as much and Baasha carried it out. Is this a licence for political murder? Not at all: we are told in 16:7 that Baasha and his son will pay for the bloodbath he brought upon the house of Jeroboam. Even if God uses humans as instruments of his judgement, he does not condone their crimes. ( 15:33–16:7 ) Baasha's Reign We already...
