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intersection
An element belongs to the intersection of two sets, A and B if and only if it belongs to both A and B. The intersection is denoted by A ⋂ B.

intersectionality Quick reference
A Dictionary of Human Geography
... The theory that various forms of discrimination centred on race, gender, class, disability, sexuality, and other forms of identity, do not work independently but interact to produce particularized forms of social oppression. As such, oppression is the result of intersecting forms of exclusionary practices. It is thus suggested that the study of identity-based discrimination needs to identify and take account of these intersectionalities. Further reading Valentine, G. (2007), ‘Theorizing and researching intersectionality’, Professional...

intersectionality Quick reference
A Dictionary of Sociology (4 ed.)
...to the differential hierarchical locations of individuals and groupings of people on grids of power. Recent work by Anthias (‘Intersectional what? Social divisions, Intersectionality and levels of analysis’, Ethnicities , 2013) and Yuval-Davis, ‘Beyond the Recognition and Re-distribution Dichotomy: Intersectionality and Stratification’, in Lutz et al. (eds.), Framing Intersectionality , 2011) claims that intersectionality is the most valid approach to the sociological study of social stratification because it does not reduce the complexity of power...

intersectionality Quick reference
A Dictionary of Gender Studies
...situations of oppression. Intersectionality as a concept gained significant momentum among gender scholars from the late 1990s onwards in recognition of the acceptance of the ways in which different dimensions of identity interrelate. However, there has also been some discussion about the ways in which intersectionality can be analysed effectively (for instance, are all factors in a given situation of equal or of differential importance, and how do you disentangle them?), and about whether and in what ways intersectionality can serve as a theory of...

intersectionality Reference library
The New Oxford Companion to Law
... Intersectionality is a concept developed within black feminist theory to capture multiple and overlapping axis of subordination, particularly in relation to race , gender , and class. As a term, ‘intersectionality’ was first coined by legal theorist, Kimberle Crenshaw, to capture the ways in which race and gender interact to shape Black women's experiences. Intersectionality was distinguished from the idea of additive discrimination. Black women did not simply experience gender discrimination plus racial discrimination as two distinct systems...

intersectionality Quick reference
A Dictionary of Geography (6 ed.)
... The interconnections and interdependence of race with other categories. The originator of this term, Crenshaw (1991) Stanford Law Rev. 43, 6 , considers the various ways in which race and gender interact to shape the multiple dimensions of Black women’s employment experiences. Wills (2008) Antipode 40, 1 believes that geography has real strength as a discipline for the study of intersectionality: ‘to understand the ways in which class intersects with other social cleavages, with very different...

intersectionality Quick reference
A Dictionary of Human Resource Management (3 ed.)
...intersectionality is an increasingly used concept within the area of equality and diversity that addresses the question of how multiple social group characteristics (gender, race/ethnicity, religion, etc.) should be taken into account to understand the experiences of discrimination and to create initiatives and policies to address discrimination. Those taking an intersectional stance typically argue that, for example, a black woman employee will have a different experience of discrimination than a black male employee or a white women employee. Therefore, they...

intersectionality Quick reference
A Dictionary of Media and Communication (3 ed.)
... 1. (sociology) The inflection of one social category (such as gender ) by one or more others (such as ethnicity , class , and sexual orientation ). The adoption of this concept produces more nuanced accounts of social identity . Compare hyphenated identity . 2. (sociology) A perspective in which the convergence of stigmatized social categories is seen as amplifying the social marginalization of those in these categories. 3. A concept in third-wave feminist theory emphasizing the importance of the interconnections between...

intersectionality Quick reference
A Dictionary of Film Studies (2 ed.)
...suited to the description of experience from an intersectional perspective. Further Reading: Crenshaw, Kimberlé ‘Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color’, Stanford Law Review 43 (6), 1241–99 (1991). Lutz, Helma , Herrera Vivar , Maria Teresa , and Supik, Linda (eds.) Framing Intersectionality: Debates on a Multi-Faceted Concept in Gender Studies (2011). Sutherland, Jean-Anne and Feltey, Kathryn M. ‘Here’s Looking at Her: An Intersectional Analysis of Women, Power and Feminism in Film’, ...

intersectionality Quick reference
A Dictionary of Organizational Behaviour
... A theory that argues we should not look at characteristics, such as race, sex, sexual orientation, age, and disability in isolation but recognize that they are related in complex ways. It is a significant theory in the context of equality, diversity, and discrimination. It challenges the assumption that individuals in a category can be assumed to share similar life experiences—for example, a middle-class white women would probably have a different life experience (and face different challenges) from that of a lower-class black woman. In the latter...

intersectionality Quick reference
The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (2 ed.)
... , theory developed by Black and indigenous feminists and other feminists of color to understand the differential but interlocking relation of gendered, racialized, sexualized, and economic forms of domination. Legal theorist Kimberly Crenshaw coined the term intersectionality in the late 1980s to name a concept that originated in the antiracist feminist organizing and thought of the 1970s. Antiracist feminists were critical of mainstream feminism’s focus on the single axis of gender and antiracist organizers’ focus on the single axis of...

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A Dictionary of Social Work and Social Care (2 ed.)
... A concept that underpins much of the discussion within social work about anti-oppressive practice , but is rarely named as such. It refers to the combined effects of positioning in different social divisions (age, class , disability , ethnicity , gender , ‘race’ , sexuality) on people’s lives, particularly with regard to the construction of their identities. It involves understandings of identity that resist constructing a hierarchy of oppression and eschew the allocation of people to fixed categories, recognizing that not only is the experience...

gender intersectionality Quick reference
A Dictionary of Disaster Management
...of subordination. Such a perspective explicitly addresses the multiple identities that intersect to shape women’s vulnerabilities, roles, opportunities, and capacities in disaster contexts. Intersectionality can also be used to highlight new opportunities for women as traditional gender regimes destabilize during disaster situations. An example of gender intersectionality occurred in the aftermath of the 2010 Haitian earthquake where gender, race, and class disadvantages reinforced each other to undermine physical safety and contribute to stigmatization for...

Intersectionality in U.S. Educational Research Reference library
Lisa Sibbett
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Education
...then only in passing. One article used the term “intersectionality” in its title, then never mentioned the concept again. Because intersectionality was not truly functioning as a primary lens in these cases, I rethought my selection criteria. 9. I excluded papers focused exclusively on intersectional research methods and those that only mapped the terrain of intersectional research without expressing a perspective on who is intersectional. This reduced the pool to 61 papers. Lisa Sibbett 1. Intersectionality is so contested that scholars cannot even agree...

Intersectionality and the History of Psychology Reference library
Alexandra Rutherford and Tal Davidson
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the History of Modern Psychology
...of intersectionality, including its conceptual forerunners, which some scholars have called “intersectionality-like thinking” ( Hancock, 2016 ) or “proto-intersectionality theorizing” ( Cooper, 2016 ). Third, it considers the historiographic issues that intersectionality poses in general, and for writing the history of U.S. psychology specifically, giving several examples of intersectional histories of psychology. Thus the article aims to provide both a history of intersectionality in psychology as well as an examination of how intersectionality as an...

Race and Gender Intersectionality and Education Reference library
Venus E. Evans-Winters
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality in Education
...of race and gender in educational policy and discourse. Intersectionality is a term that is becoming more widely used in education scholarship and discourse. Because of the wide use of intersectionality in academic parlance, more people are claiming to be “intersectional” or assume that there is a shared understanding of what intersectionality means and what it entails. First, people are not intersectional; instead theoretical perspectives and interpretations of the social world are intersectional. Second, like with most standpoint theories, without a...

Gender, Intersectionality, and World-Making Possibilities in Education Reference library
Dara Nix-Stevenson
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality in Education
...Intersectionality, and World-Making Possibilities in Education Encountering Community-Engaged Education and Gender In order for community-engaged education to be leveraged by districts and schools as a practice of knowledge production from cradle to grave to foster systemic improvement, gender and its intersections must become a focal point. However, centering gender and its intersections in community-engaged education in the present is contingent upon disentangling it from its rootedness in multiple meanings and understandings that have taken shape...

intersectionality

intersection Quick reference
A Dictionary of Philosophy (3 ed.)
... An element belongs to the intersection of two sets, A and B if and only if it belongs to both A and B. The intersection is denoted by A ⋂...