ideological state apparatus Quick reference
A Dictionary of Sociology (4 ed.)
... state apparatus A term developed by the Marxist theorist Louis Althusser to denote institutions such as education, the churches, family, media, trade unions, and law that were formally outside state control but which served to transmit the values of the state , to interpellate those individuals affected by them, and to maintain order in a society, above all to reproduce capitalist relations of production . In contemporary capitalist societies education has replaced the Church as the principal ideological state apparatus. Among Marxists, the term...
ideological state apparatus Quick reference
A Dictionary of Journalism
...ideological state apparatus ( ISA ) A role played by the mainstream journalism and media industries in supporting the status quo, according to a critical theory associated with the French Marxist Louis Althusser ( 1918–90 ). For Althusser, journalists join the education system and the Church in being the major disseminators and reproducers of the dominant ideology within society, which complements the more coercive role of repressive state apparatuses such as the police, prisons, courts, and armed forces. See also hegemony ; secondary definers...
ideological state apparatus Quick reference
A Dictionary of Media and Communication (3 ed.)
... state apparatus ( ISA ) For Althusser, the social agencies which help to maintain the current social order, not through coercion (as with what some Marxists have called the ‘repressive state apparatus’ of the armed forces and the police), but by engineering consent ( see also legitimation ; manufacture of consent ; propaganda model ). Such agencies include the educational system, the family, religion, the legal system, and the mass media . These function to reproduce the social relations of production , inculcating the values of the ...
Ideological State Apparatus Quick reference
A Dictionary of Critical Theory (2 ed.)
... State Apparatus ( ISA ) French Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser ’s concept for what is known in contemporary political discourse as ‘soft power’, i.e. the form of power that operates by means of ideological persuasion rather than violent, physical coercion. The latter ‘hard power’ form is referred to as the Repressive State Apparatus ( RSA ). Ideology, for Althusser, is an essential part of the smooth running of any form of government, even the most violent and repressive governments, because without the active support of at least a...
ideological state apparatus (ISA)
Dictionary of the Social Sciences
... state apparatus (ISA) A concept introduced by Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser in Lenin and Philosophy ( 1971 ). ISAs are those institutions and systems that legitimate and reproduce the state , above all by producing consent to the regime on the part of subordinated groups. For Althusser, religion, education, the legal system, mass culture, and the family are all ISAs—all buttress the ideology of the ruling class by naturalizing its privileges. ISAs are distinguished, however, from what Althusser called repressive state apparatuses (RSAs)....
ideological state apparatuses Quick reference
A Dictionary of Social Work and Social Care (2 ed.)
... state apparatuses A concept used by Louis Althusser ( 1918–90 ) alongside his parallel concept of ‘repressive state apparatuses’. He argued that the state is maintained by both sets of apparatuses. Repressive state apparatuses—in the form of the army, the courts, the police, and the prison system—can punish and ensure conformity by force. In contrast, ideological state apparatuses—such as churches, trade unions, schools, the media (and social work might be added)—are outside the formal control of the state, but transmit the values of the state,...
ideological state apparatus
The Medina Document Reference library
Ali Bulaç
Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook
...by the governing apparatus and imposed from the top down, then it would be contradictory for the same apparatus to impose an official and single legal system. As a natural extension, if there is no coercion in the choice of religion ( Qur'an, Sura 2, Verse 256 ), then there should be no pressure and compulsion on the laws embraced by different religions, philosophical beliefs, or ideologies. A person who chooses this or that religion, chooses, at the same time, the legal system which is a manifestation of that particular religion. Leaving people free to...
Kinship and Kingship: The Early Monarchy Reference library
Carol Meyers
Oxford History of the Biblical World
...shift involved in Israelite state formation did not mean organizational discontinuity. Many elements of pre-state society were surely left intact for a long time after the emergence of a new political structure and its accompanying ideologies. Nor did the new administrative apparatus entail the dissolution of prior ones; the state added layers of sociopolitical organization to existing ones. The successful functioning of the state system thus depended on the continued operation of kinship structures, and state and tribe were not in constant and...
18 Theories of Text, Editorial Theory, and Textual Criticism Reference library
Marcus Walsh
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...and repetitions of the Old Testament, especially of Genesis, imputing them not to the first penmen, but to scribal error. In England, Walton’s *polyglot Bible (6 vols, 1655–7 ) included for the first time a systematic *apparatus of variant readings. *Fell issued a small-format Greek Testament with apparatus giving variants from dozens of MSS ( 1675 ). John Mill undertook an extensive study of the text of the New Testament; his examination of numerous MSS and printed editions culminated in an innovative edition ( 1707 ) with enormously...
Revolution Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...into forms of welfare provision which would have warmed Paine's heart! And the state developed for the first time a substantial domestic intelligence network, which had its greatest impact in the last years of the decade, when the suspension of habeas corpus allowed the government to take preventative action by detaining radicals on rather doubtful evidence. A good deal of this activity is continuous with the traditional, post- 1688 role of the state as a fiscal-military apparatus, designed to raise money and fight wars. From the 1790s to 1815 it achieved...
Islam and Humanism Reference library
Mamadiou Dia
Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook
...problems and confront the modern ideologies, it requires an adequate ideological apparatus built on an authentic Islamic philosophy. Islamic authenticity requires a return to the sources, that is, to the Qur'an and to the [ sunna ], not to take shelter there, to drown current cares there, but to draw from thence elements for the renovation and revitalization of Islamic philosophy. It is thus to a confrontation with the sources which we must submit any reformism, in order to know if there exist or not, in Islam, the ideological bases of a humanism integrating...
Empire Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...it, the strong bias towards the views of the landed interest were, however, gradually supplanted as the machinery of the British state was belatedly compelled to expand and readjust to take account of the growing girth of empire. The ineluctable need for the British state to become involved in the affairs of India as the scale of imperial involvement surpassed the competence of the East India Company paved the way for greater state direction elsewhere in the empire. The India Act of 1784 and the establishment of the Board of Control proved to be the first...
Law Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...social engineering. So although we cannot discern a conscious change in mentalities relating to law along Benthamite lines during this period, there is evidence of a widespread decline in the amount of confidence which contemporaries were prepared to invest in the ideals and apparatus of the common law tradition. It does appear that a change of emphasis was under way, a shift which anticipated the modern British tradition of positivist law reform and legislative governance. The roots of changing attitudes to the law have to be located in the administrative...
Israel among the Nations: The Persian Period Reference library
Mary Joan Winn Leith
Oxford History of the Biblical World
...ideological perspective of the Ezra-Nehemiah narrative, the only legitimate Israelites are the “exiles.” But it is clear from the same narrative and elsewhere in the Bible that as the Persian period progressed other Jewish groups challenged the “exiles.” Some of these Judeans were probably responsible for the so-called Solar Temple at Lachish, which has been dated to the time of Darius I. Similarities between Ezra's descriptions of exilic “return” and the story of the Exodus (compare Ezra 1.6 with Exod. 12.35–36 ) suggest that typological and ideological...
1 Thessalonians Reference library
Philip F. Esler and Philip F. Esler
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...a place for ethical norms (as helping members maintain their sense of identity in new and ambiguous situations) and narratives of the past and future (as telling them who they are in relation both to where they have come from and whither they are proceeding). Even a conceptual apparatus usually (and reasonably) designated as ‘theological’ (and for 1 Thessalonians, see Marshall 1982 ) can serve a vital role in the processes of group differentiation and categorization which lie at the heart of this theory. Modern illustrations of the (often violent) dynamics of...
Repressive State Apparatus
cinematic apparatus
apparat
