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eumelanin Quick reference
A Dictionary of Forensic Science
... A type of melanin (colouring pigment) found in the skin and hair; dark brown to black in...
eumelanin
erythrism
pheomelanin
tortoiseshell cat
erythrism Quick reference
A Dictionary of Ecology (5 ed.)
...In mammals, the possession of red hair, caused most commonly by a lack of black pigment (eumelanin) which allows the red pigment (phaeomelanin) to...
phaeomelanin Quick reference
A Dictionary of Forensic Science
...One of two types of melanin , the other being eumelanin, which are found in skin and hair. Phaeomelanin is a yellowish orange colour and is associated with red and blonde...
erythrism Quick reference
A Dictionary of Zoology (5 ed.)
... In mammals, the possession of red hair, caused most commonly by a lack of black pigment (eumelanin) which allows the red pigment (phaeomelanin) to...
pheomelanin Reference library
Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2 ed.)
... or (esp. Brit.) phaeomelanin a red and/or yellow pigment produced in mammalian melanocytes from tyrosine and cysteine. It is formed as an alternative to eumelanin by switching of the melanogenesis pathway at the dopaquinone stage. How the switch operates is...
melanin Reference library
Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2 ed.)
...tyrosine, and are usually bound to protein. Plant melanins are called catechol melanins because they yield catechol on alkali fusion; animal melanins, termed eumelanins , arise from the formal polymerization of indole‐5,6‐quinone and thus, in contrast to plant melanins, contain nitrogen. Pheomelanin is red and/or yellow and is derived from tyrosine and cysteine, as an alternative to eumelanin production in melanosomes. —melanic ...
melanin Quick reference
A Dictionary of Zoology (5 ed.)
... One of a group of dark pigments found in the skin and formed in melanoblast cells through the oxidation of tyrosine , phenylalanine , and other aromatic compounds. There are two chemically differing forms: the black-brown eumelanin and the red-yellow phaeomelanin. In many mammals, these alternate during the growth of a hair, resulting in a banded (‘agouti’)...
melanin Quick reference
A Dictionary of Genetics (8 ed.)
...in bird feathers, reptile skins, insect exoskeletons, and the ink of cephalopods all contain melanins. Phaeomelanin is one of the pigments found in the coats of mammals. It is normally yellow in color, and is quantitatively and qualitatively controlled by the agouti locus. Eumelanin , one of the pigments found in the coat and pigmented retinal epithelium of mammals, is normally black in color, and its precise coloration is affected by a large number of mutant genes. Melanin macromolecule consists of polymers of indole 5,6-quinone and...
agouti Quick reference
A Dictionary of Genetics (8 ed.)
...the grizzled color of the fur of mammals resulting from alternating bands of yellow (phaeomelanin) and black (eumelanin) pigments in individual hairs. The name is also given to the genes that control the hair color patterns. In the mouse more than 20 alleles have been described at the agouti locus on chromosome 2. The gene encodes a cysteine-rich, 131 amino acid protein that instructs the melanocytes in the hair follicle when to switch from making black to yellow pigment. The protein is translated by nearby follicle cells rather than in the melanocytes...
tortoiseshell cat Quick reference
A Dictionary of Genetics (8 ed.)
...cat a cat showing patches of orange and more darkly pigmented fur in its coat. The sex-linked gene O is responsible for the conversion of eumelanin to phaeomelanin, which gives the fur an orange coloration. The O gene is epistatic to those autosomal genes, which give the coat a black or agouti color. Since the X chromosome is randomly inactivated in somatic cells during development, females heterozygous for O will show the tortoiseshell phenotype. The term calico is sometimes applied to tortoiseshell females that also have patches of white...
melanin Quick reference
A Dictionary of Biomedicine (2 ed.)
...melanin A group of pigments found in feathers, cuttle ink, human skin, hair and eyes, some neurons, and a few other locations. Colours vary but include black/brown, yellow, red, and violet. All the melanins are high molecular weight polymers of indole quinone. Eumelanin is one of the two forms found in skin and hair and in the pigmented retinal epithelium of the eye. The oligomer is produced from 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) and is black or brown. Phaeomelanin , the other skin and hair form, is chemically distinct with its oligomer...
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