Encyclopedias Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment
...encyclopedias became bestsellers. The Parisian Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers ( 1751–1772 ), its reprint, and its four revisions attained a combined press run of more than 25,000 sets; and the Encyclopaedia Britannica's three Edinburgh editions ( 1771–1803 , with a supplement to the 3rd edition) may have reached the same number. Other encyclopedias went into at least ten editions in the original language and were also translated. In certain striking respects, these eighteenth-century general encyclopedias...
Encyclopedias Reference library
The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Peace
...Edwin Paxton Hood’s peace encyclopedia, published in 1846—the first book, it appears, with the words “peace” and “encyclopedia” in the title: An Encyclopaedia of facts, anecdotes, arguments, and illustrations, from history, philosophy, and Christianity, in support of the principles of Permanent and Universal Peace . The author entered the ministry of the Congregational church in 1852 and became a popular preacher and lecturer. He was also a prolific editor and writer and was only twenty-six years old when he compiled his encyclopedia. It showed his...
encyclopedias Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
... 1842 . There were competitors, especially after 1800 —for example, David *Brewster 's Edinburgh Encyclopaedia (18 vols., 1809–18 ) and the London Encyclopaedia (22 vols., 1829 )—but these and several others did not go beyond one edition. More threatening was Abraham Rees 's ( 1743–1825 ) Cyclopaedia , completed in forty-five volumes between 1802 and 1819 . All these encyclopedias were alphabetically arranged. Only the unsuccessful Encyclopaedia Metropolitana adopted a systematic organization of contents, devised by S. T. *Coleridge . Begun in...
encyclopedias Reference library
The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science
...the encyclopedia as a cultural resource. The Istituto is currently publishing a Storia della scienza , which will extend encyclopedism with an encyclopedia of the history of science twenty times the size of this Companion. Philip Shorr , Science and Superstition in the Eighteenth Century: A Study of the Treatment of Science in Two Encyclopedias of 1725–1750 (1932). Arthur Hughes , Science in English Encyclopaedias 1704–1875 , Annals of Science 7 (1951): 340–370; 8 (1952): 323–367; 9 (1953): 233–264; 11 (1955): 74–92. Robert Collison , Encyclopedias:...
Encyclopedias Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Italian Literature
... . It was the Enlightenment which developed the modern encyclopedia. The first original Italian encyclopedia of note is the Nuovo dizionario scientifico e curioso sacro-profano of Gianfranco Pivati ( 1689–1764 ), published in Venice in ten volumes in 1746–51 . But the major English and French encyclopedias were quickly made available in Italian. Chamber's Encyclopedia ( 1728 ) appeared in Venice in 1749 as Dizionario universale delle arti e scienze (9 vols.) and the Italian version of D'Alembert and Diderot's Encyclopédie (...
Encyclopedias Reference library
The New Oxford Companion to Literature in French
...dictionaries and encyclopedias which occupy a central place in modern French culture, though none of them has the originality of their ancestor. They are mainly exhaustive encyclopedias with many short entries (the latest in the line being the Grand Larousse universel of 1985 , 2nd edn. 1992 ); Larousse's La Grande Encyclopédie ( 1971–6 ), on the other hand, is composed of more substantial articles. A particular place is occupied by the Petit Larousse illustré , an endlessly republished and revised dictionary‐encyclopedia with a section for proper...
encyclopedias Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages
.... The writing of natural history became an exercise in biblical *exegesis , and the encyclopedia would continue through the late MA to be classified as a tool for the study of scripture. Its exegetical function could also be construed in more direct relation to the natural world, for the powerful Augustinian hermeneutic model treats created revelation as a tissue of signs. Thus, *Isidore of Seville’s Origines sive Etymologiae ( 636 ), the most influential encyclopedia of the early MA, uses *etymology as a means to explain things through the words that...
Encyclopedias, Medieval Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages
..., Medieval No medieval work bore the title Encyclopedia . But many attempted to order the whole of knowledge and could claim an encyclopedic status, starting with the Etymologies of Isidore of Seville , undisputed model until the irruption of Aristotelian thought into Western thought. For Christian thought, by reason of the original sin of knowledge, there was always tension between desire for and mistrust of knowledge of the world. Following Scripture (Wis 7, 16-21; Rom 1, 20), St Augustine , in his De doctrina christiana , established the...
Encyclopedias and Dictionaries Reference library
LIU Hang and Zhongguo Da Baike Quanshu
Berkshire Encyclopedia of China
...an encyclopedia in the truest sense. All were compilations of books already published. In a 1966 article on the Chinese encyclopedia, Wolfgang Bauer discussed the fluid boundaries between a dictionary and an encyclopedia and explained, “A longer commentary delving into history and culture and provided with extensive quotations of sources is…more characteristic of the encyclopaedia.” He also wrote, “Although they may include an opinion on the subject, they rarely contain an original opinion. As countless other works of Chinese literature the encyclopaedia was...
Encyclopedias and Dictionaries Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome
... and Dictionaries We can hardly avoid grouping together these two categories of reference works because the distinction between them was only worked out after the fact, as ancient scholarship evolved. For our purposes, we may define encyclopedias as compilations of material from existing texts (including earlier encyclopedias) covering persons, events, and places, and grouped by some combination of subject fields and alphabetization. The dictionary ( lexicon , onomasticon ), on the other hand, is simpler, being an alphabetized list of words, usually...
Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Reference library
Tom GILSON
Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History (2 ed.)
...In J. S. Meisami & P. Starkey (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature (pp. 467–469). London: Routledge. Chandler, C. J. and Gregory, A. (2010). Sleeping with the enemy: Wikipedia in the college classroom. History Teacher , 43 , 247-257. Collison, R. L. (1964). Encyclopaedias: Their history throughout the ages . New York: Hafner. Collison, R. L. (1971). Dictionaries of English and foreign languages . New York: Hafner. Eco, U. (1984). Metaphor, dictionary, and encyclopedia. New Literary History: A Journal of Theory and...
encyclopedias of medicine Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Medicine (3 ed.)
... of medicine Historical pride of place under this heading must go to the famous Naturalis historica of Pliny the Elder ( ad 23–79 ) dealing with man and healing as well as other parts of natural science. Pliny claimed that it contained 20 000 facts culled from 200 authors. It was, moreover, an encyclopedia in the true and original sense, that is, a work arranged for systematic study rather than occasional reference, as are the alphabetical encyclopedias of today. Although the feat has sometimes been attempted in the past (for example, ...
Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Reference library
Diane O. Ota and Mimi Tashiro
The Grove Dictionary of American Music (2 ed.)
...: Encyclopedia of Automatic Music Instruments (Vestal, NY, 1972) M.B. Shestack : The Country Music Encyclopedia (New York, 1974, rev. 2/1993 with T. Richards as The New Country Music Encyclopedia ) J. Vinton , ed.: Dictionary of Contemporary Music (New York, 1974) M. Nulman : Concise Encyclopedia of Jewish Music (New York, 1975) K. Baggelaar and D. Milton : Folk Music: More than a Song (New York, 1976) S. Green : Encyclopaedia of the Musical Theatre (New York, 1976/ R with suppl. material) L. Orrey and G. Chase , eds: The Encyclopedia of...
Encyclopedias of Exploration Reference library
The Oxford Companion to World Exploration
... The Discoverers: An Encyclopedia of Explorers and Exploration ( New York : McGraw-Hill), which offered a large number of articles by the leading scholars of the day and attempted to take account of exploration by non-Europeans like the Chinese and the Muslims. In 1992 , Richard Bohlander edited World Explorers and Discoverers (Macmillan), a full but purely biographical survey of almost exclusively western European explorers; some women were now included. In the same year, Silvio Bedini edited The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia (2 vols.; New York...
dictionaries and encyclopaedias of philosophy Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (2 ed.)
...and encyclopaedias of philosophy . Philosophical dictionaries began before encyclopaedias in general, and certainly before philosophical encyclopaedias. The first is the small but pregnant fifth book (▵) of the Metaphysics of Aristotle , the original organizer and professionalizer of philosophy. In this ‘philosophical lexicon’ the senses of some thirty crucial terms are distinguished and defined. On the whole, important and original thinkers have left dictionary-making to those who are, comparatively speaking, drudges. The principal exceptions are...
encyclopedias
encyclopaedia Reference library
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...We are thus witnessing not only the passing of the encyclopaedia as a book, but also possibly the demise of the assumptions about knowledge that it has embodied. Richard Yeo E. Chambers , Some Considerations Offered to the Publick, Preparatory to a Second Edition of Cyclopædia [ c .1735] J. d’Alembert , Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot (1751), tr. R. N. Schwab (1995) F. Kafker , ed., Notable Encyclopaedias of the 17 th and 18 th Century (1981) — Notable Encyclopedias of the late Eighteenth Century (1994) T. McArthur , ...
Children's Encyclopaedia, The Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Children's Literature
...Encyclopaedia, The . An educational work whose popularity lasted for nearly half a century, The Children's Encyclopaedia was originally issued in fortnightly parts in London by the Amalgamated Press, the first on 17 March 1908 , the last on 1 February 1910 , though before that date it was already being published in volume form. Created by Arthur Mee , one of the firm's editors, the encyclopedia brought in huge revenues. Mee, who had not previously written for children, had been inspired to produce a work that might answer some of his own small...
Encyclopedias, Medieval
encyclopedia Reference library
Garner's Modern English Usage (5 ed.)
... ; ⋆encyclopaedia . The ae was predominantly shortened to e in AmE by 1905 and in BrE by 1970 . ⋆Encyclopaedia is becoming an archaic spelling throughout the English-speaking world, although it has long been used in the title Encyclopaedia Britannica . See ae . Current ratio in print ( encyclopedia vs. ⋆ encyclopaedia ): 5:1 ...
