dual-process model n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
...and easy processing mode based on effort-conserving heuristics , and the second being a slow and more difficult rule-based processing mode based on effort-consuming systematic reasoning. The first type of process is often unconscious and tends to involve automatic processing , whereas the second is invariably conscious and usually involves controlled processing , and in some domains of application the first is affective and the second cognitive. The most influential dual-process theory is the elaboration likelihood model . Also called dual-process theory ....
dual-process model
Dual Process Models of Persuasion Reference library
Andrew Luttrell
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Social Psychology
...is its proposal that two distinct modes of processing—heuristic and systematic—can co-occur. 6 As a result, the model outlines three possible outcomes of such dual processing. First, if the conclusions suggested by the two modes of processing differ, systematic processing will tend to attenuate the influence of heuristic processing (the attenuation hypothesis ). For instance, if the source is likeable, heuristic processing would result in message agreement, but if the arguments are incoherent, systematic processing would result in message disagreement. In...
1 John, 2 John, and 3 John Reference library
Judith Lieu, Judith Lieu, Judith Lieu, and Judith Lieu
The Oxford Bible Commentary
... the dualism of light v. darkness ( 1 jn 1:5–7 ) is repeated in truth v. lying (as at 1:6, 10 —not ‘truthfulness’ but an absolute) and love v. hating ( 2:9–11 ); this is not just an ethical dualism of opposing moral possibilities but is rooted in the nature of God ( see 3:10–15; 4:7–8 ): in 2:5 ‘love of God’ may be ‘for God’ (objective) or ‘from God’ (subjective). The dualism is also eschatological: darkness belongs to that which is coming to an end, light to the future, which in 1 John's realized eschatology is already dawning. The dualism is...
Utopianism Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...primitivism is equated with virtue, it is for Lawrence and Shelley the path of ‘nature’ which forms the basis of a romantic ideal of love. But this equally entails a turning away from the hypocritical dual standard of courtly and chivalric romanticism, with its inflated conception of female virtue. Both Lawrence and Shelley also drew inspiration from utopian models and genres associated with the East. *Hellenism had long been rivalled by traditions of antiquarian scholarship [ see *antiquarianism, 35 ] and travel which located the source of ancient wisdom and...
1 Chronicles Reference library
H. P. Mathys, H. P. Mathys, and H. P. Mathys
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...Chronicler. Many points are summarized descriptions of the source model, in which details are omitted, whilst other areas are expanded to accommodate some of his favourite theologoumena and opinions, i.e. the Levites, the inclusion of the north, etc. At first sight, his somewhat weaker praise for Josiah may be surprising, since he is one of his favourite kings. But Josiah died on the battlefield and therefore must have committed some previous sin. The Chronicler's description of the process of reforms is more historically reliable than his source. All...
48 The History of the Book in America Reference library
Scott E. Casper and Joan Shelley Rubin
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...generally against the perceived excesses of evangelical enthusiasm. By the mid-18 th century, literary sentimentalism offered a semblance of common ground between the evangelical and rationalist models, blending their shared emphasis on moral formation. The popularity of Samuel *Richardson ’s Pamela suggested the emergent power of this model, even as it engendered enduring debates about the potentially pernicious effects of novel-reading. The Revolution did not immediately transform Americans’ reading, although it inspired the first indigenous...
Industrial History Quick reference
David Hey
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...district, see Jon Stobart , The First Industrial Region: North‐West England, c.1700–60 (2004) , which deals with south Lancashire and Cheshire. The relationship between rural industry and agriculture has proved a fruitful topic for investigation ( see domestic economy ; dual economy ). Such studies have made good use of probate inventories and manorial surveys and have investigated the surviving material culture. The debate on the origins of the Industrial Revolution has drawn extensively on studies of rural industries which grew enormously in the...
Transitions and Trajectories: Jews and Christians in the Roman Empire Reference library
Barbara Geller
Oxford History of the Biblical World
...citizenship to all free inhabitants of the empire. Roughly a century later, the emperor Constantine prepared to do battle at the Milvian Bridge, setting in motion a chain of events that would radically alter the empire's religious landscape. The emerging Christian state, with its dual identity both as the continuation of the Rome of Caesar and Augustus and now also as the patron and promulgator of Christianity, would wrestle with the challenges posed by the existence of communities of Jewish citizens located on three continents and a tradition that, since the...
Enlightenment Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...vibrations. Man would become progressively more virtuous both by seeking the good and by rooting out bad associations. Such gradual improvement was linked with the inauguration of the millennium, evidence for which Hartley found in Revelation. Progress thus occurred by a dual process of purification and improved conduct. The spread of reason and knowledge would eventually defeat evil in the world and all would share in the benefits. Hartley's ideas were not always accepted in detail, but they are indicative of the mood of late-eighteenth-century English...
The Four Gospels in Synopsis Reference library
Henry Wansbrough
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...present (which often disappears in translation, and is often ‘corrected’ by Matthew and Luke). On a more stylistic level Markan duality has been thoroughly documented: Mark's thought often proceeds by two steps, the second frequently defining and focusing the first, ‘That evening, at sundown’ ( 1:32 ), ‘in the morning, a great while before day’ ( 1:35 ), ‘the leprosy left him and he was made clean’ ( 1:42 ). This duality shows also in the frequent double questions (‘Do you not yet perceive or understand?, 8:17 ) and double commands (‘Peace! Be still!’,...
Qur'an and Woman Reference library
Amina Wadud-Muhsin
Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook
... Methodology: A Hermeneutical Model A hermeneutical model is concerned with three aspects of the text, in order to support its conclusions: (1) the context in which the text was written (in the case of the Qur'an, in which it was revealed); (2) the grammatical composition of the text (how it says what...
1 Thessalonians Reference library
Philip F. Esler and Philip F. Esler
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...the others are sons of night and sons of darkness who do not belong to light or day. Such a powerful dualism presents very starkly the nature of the opposed identities of in-group and out-group, the first highly positive and the second very negative indeed. Here we have a good example of the stereotypical group-categorization characteristic of the way one group generates a favourable social identity for itself. vv. 6–7 , Paul persists with his continuing process of group differentiation in a related area of imagery by exhorting them not to sleep like the others...
Introduction: Muslim Activist Intellectuals and Their Place in History Reference library
John L. Esposito and John O. Voll
Makers of Contemporary Islam
...people “who by virtue of their peculiarity have special access to certain achievements considered to be ‘cultural values,’” and, as a result, represent “the leadership of a ‘culture community.’” 18 Intellectuals in this way have a dual role. On the one hand, the “capacity criticism, for rejection of the status quo is not simply a matter of preference by some critical intellectuals” but is “built into the very nature of the occupational roles.” 19 On the other...
Islam and Humanism Reference library
Mamadiou Dia
Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook
...intentions which the materialist language hardly seizes on for their communicative value, the propulsive force necessary for any modern theology. In insisting on the complex totality of being , on participation as a condition of existence, in refusing the Aristotelian dualism for a dialectic of unity that “reestablishes in its continuity the living tissue that an imprudent analysis has disjoined (Gabriel Marcel [French philosopher, 1889–1973]), the contemporary existential formulas open the path to a fertile meditation on ontological mystery and give...
The Old Testament Reference library
John Rogerson
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...suspicions and was forced eventually to desert to the Philistines. Confined to the area of southern Judah, David adopted the dual strategy of forging diplomatic links with the villagers of Judah while raiding the Amalekites in the Negev. After Saul had been defeated by the Philistines, David became king of Judah and then of Israel, before defeating the Philistines and setting up his capital in Jerusalem ( 2 Sam. 5 ). These processes can best be understood if we set them in the context of a world where borders between states were not lines drawn on maps, and...
Revelation Reference library
Richard Bauckham and R. N. Whybray
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...its seven seals have been opened ( 8:1 ), has not yet been revealed. The scroll in ch. 10 is already open ( v. 2 ): its contents can be known only when it has been ingested by John ( 10:8–11 ). The process of transmission—from God to Christ ( 5:7 ) and from the angel to John ( 10:8–10 )—corresponds to that described in 1:1 . Moreover, John's use of an OT model for his account of the scroll ( Ezek 2:8–3:3 ) begins in 5:1 ( cf. Ezek 2:9–10 ) and continues in 10:8–10 ( cf. Ezek 3:1–3 ). The reason most commentators have not regarded the scroll of ch. 10 ...
2 Esdras Reference library
Peter Hayman and Peter Hayman
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...and saw it as one long disaster leading nowhere and Uriel does not disagree with this analysis. The present age is evil, full of pain and sorrow, so must be eliminated before God's salvation can come, as must the ‘evil heart’; the words ‘place’ and ‘field’ in v. 29 have this dual reference. The same general atmosphere pervades the NT and early Christianity; the temptation story presupposes that the devil is in charge of this world, not God ( Mt 5:8–9 ), and Paul goes so far as to describe the devil as ‘the god of this world’ ( 2 Cor 4:4 ). Christianity...
Deuteronomy Reference library
Christoph Bultmann and Christoph Bultmann
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...weapons are mentioned in many oracles of doom, cf. e.g. Nah 3; Hab 3 . The poet envisages the total extinction of the enemy. Within the OT as a whole, this image of vengeance finds its counterpart in the vision of universal peace as in Isa 2:2–4 . That vision breaks up the dualism of ‘compassion’ and ‘vengeance’ which underlies any apocalyptic concept of ‘salvation’ and ‘doom’. ( 32:43 ) As in v. 8 , MT has been revised in order to avoid all possible reminiscences of polytheism. Where MT reads ‘praise, O nations, his people’, a MS from Qumran reads...
The Pastoral Epistles Reference library
Clare Drury and Clare Drury
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...mercy’ because he acted out of ignorance. The sharp contrast between the persecutor and the believer is shown to be an intentional part of God's plan so that Paul might be an example for others, to demonstrate above all the perfect patience of Jesus Christ. So the tale serves a dual purpose; Paul is a typical example of a convert, but his special case gives him a special position as an apostle as the next few verses show. Paul himself talks of his former life in 1 Cor 15:9 and Phil 3:4–8 , to make a similar point, but here the language is stronger and less...
