Drama Theory Reference library
The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Peace
... Theory . Drama theory builds upon its root metaphor of interaction as drama to represent and generate insight into complex strategic situations. It shares with game theory the view that situations are defined and developed through the interdependent choices of autonomous parties. However, while game theory espouses instrumental rationality—finding the means to an end—as the basis of its analytical engine, drama theory uses a concept of rationality that embraces peoples’ changing beliefs and preferences. Drama Theory versus Game Theory Consider the...
drama Theory
theories of drama, theatre, and performance Reference library
Marvin Carlson
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Theatre and Performance
...important role in theatre theory in the years to come. See also historiography ; materialist criticism ; modernism and postmodernism ; myth studies ; post-colonial studies ; queer theory . Marvin Carlson Barish, Jonas , The Antitheatrical Prejudice (Berkeley, 1981) Carlson, Marvin , Theories of the Theatre (Ithaca, NY, 1993) Clark, Barrett H. , European Theories of the Drama (New York, 1965) Dukore, Bernard , Dramatic Theory and Criticism from the Greeks to Grotowski (New York, 1974) Gerould, Daniel , Theatre/Theory/Theatre: the major critical...
Mythology Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...early 1830s. Leaving this continuing plebeian interest in mythography aside, the polemical shift from mythography to scriptural geology is evident in the marked differences between Shelley 's Prometheus Unbound and *Byron 's biblical dramas Cain ( 1821 ) and Heaven and Earth ( 1823 ). Shelley's mythographical drama is in a sense the last of the Romantic mythological poems in the tradition of * Blake , Southey, and Peacock. In contrast, Byron's works reacted directly to the new Evangelicalism and to its intellectual buttresses, Cuvier and Buckland....
Titus Andronicus Reference library
Sonia Massai and Anthony Davies
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)
...theory of co-authorship, which first emerged in the early 20th century, is currently the most popular. Only towards the middle of the 20th century did critics start to overlook the vexed question of authorship in order to establish the intrinsic qualities of the play itself. Peter Brook ’s cornerstone production at Stratford in 1955 triggered off an unprecedented number of critical articles, although hardly any full-length study of the play appeared before the 1980s. The play is currently very popular thanks to the advent of critical and cultural theories...
Natural Philosophy (Science) Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...against Antoine Lavoisier's chemical theories he protested against the expensive equipment that the French savant employed, claiming that it rendered experiments immune from adequate testing by others who lacked such financial support. Priestley regarded natural philosophy as a means of cultivating the rational capacities that would allow the public—for example, the Dissenters excluded from Oxford and Cambridge universities—to resist ‘the empire of superstition’ [ see *Dissenting academies ]. His egalitarian theory of knowledge stressed the role of...
Hamlet, Prince of Denmark Reference library
Michael Dobson and Anthony Davies
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)
...impact, not just in literary criticism and on the stage, but on Western culture at large: its characters have entered the realm of myth, and its motifs have been endlessly reworked, in fiction ( Gothic and otherwise), painting , opera , and film no less than in subsequent drama (from Middleton ’s Revenger’s Tragedy through 19th-century burlesque to Chekhov and Stoppard and beyond). It has, indeed, had a profound effect on conceptions of Shakespeare himself, the rumour that Shakespeare originally played the Ghost (recorded by Rowe in 1709 )...
The Four Gospels in Synopsis Reference library
Henry Wansbrough
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...difficulty for the Griesbach theory is, however, why Mark should have written a gospel (and why the church should have accepted it) in which he deliberately omitted so much that is valuable: the infancy stories, the beatitudes, the Lord's prayer, the resurrection appearances, and many other important and favourite passages which had already been included in Matthew and Luke. 2. The Two-Source Theory. Since it was extensively proposed by C. Lachmann in 1835, seconded by C. G. Wilke and H. Weisse in 1838, the Two-Source theory has won over-whelming acceptance,...
Philippians Reference library
Robert Murray, SJ and Robert Murray, SJ
The Oxford Bible Commentary
... 1985 ; see phil f ). 4. The theory that 2:6–11 is an already existing hymn that Paul quotes for his purpose, first proposed by Lohmeyer ( 1928 ), has come to dominate both exegesis of Philippians and study of early Christology and credal formulas, though the term ‘hymn’ remains imprecisely defined and the theory still takes various forms, including earlier composition by Paul. The literature is enormous; with the standard survey by Martin ( 1983 ); see now O'Brien ( 1991 : 186–271 ). A rare voice questioning the theory's solidity and value for exegesis...
The First Part of the Contention of the Two Famous Houses of York and Lancaster Reference library
Randall Martin, Will Sharpe, and Anthony Davies
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)
...notwithstanding Ben Jonson ’s snipe: ‘three rusty swords…Fight over York and Lancaster’s long jars’). Nineteenth-century German Romantic critics such as A. W. Schlegel situated the play in the wider context of Shakespeare’s histories as a whole, viewed as an epic national drama of political evolution. In 1944 E. M. W. Tillyard ’s Shakespeare’s History Plays adopted this interpretation but emphasized the divinely destined triumph of the Tudor dynasty: the history plays trace a pattern of national transgression, which begins with the deposition of...
Richard III Reference library
Randall Martin and Anthony Davies
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)
...historical drama played out across the Henry VI plays. One area of interest from the first perspective is the play’s structural and rhetorical affinities with Greek and neo-Senecan tragedy, with Margaret, Elizabeth, and the Bosworth ghosts ritually invoking forces of nemesis and revenge, and Richmond acting as an agent of divine retribution. Feminist critics have focused on the women’s undeluded opposition to Richard—their collective agency, especially in 4.4, arguably transcending their individual moral positions. Psychoanalytic theory has focused on...
Troilus and Cressida Reference library
Michael Dobson and Anthony Davies
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)
...Palmer (Arden 2nd series, 1982); David Bevington (Arden 3rd series, 1998) Some representative criticism Bayley, John , ‘Time and the Trojans’, Essays in Criticism , 25 (1975) Dollimore, Jonathan , in Radical Tragedy (1984) Ellis-Fermor, Una , in The Frontiers of Drama (1945) Knight, G. Wilson , in The Wheel of Fire (1949) McAlindon, T. , ‘Language, Style and Meaning in Troilus and Cressida ’, Publications of the Modern Language Association, 84 (1969) Thompson, Ann , in Shakespeare’s Chaucer: A Study in Literary Origins (1978)...
History Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...paradoxes of this period that the writings to which we must look for the most convincing evidence of a new historical outlook turn out to be not works of historiography in the customary sense but rather historically self-conscious works of journalism, criticism, poetry, drama, and, above all, fiction. The question of a Romantic historicism in Britain can be profitably approached by considering a distinctive coinage of the period. In 1831 the young John Stuart *Mill published a series of articles in four parts for the Examiner under the title ‘The...
Novels Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...one—novelists created a tradition by which readers and critics could estimate their place in the much-debated eighteenth-century ‘progress of romance’, the title of a polemical dialogue by Clara *Reeve . Developing from other genres— *epic , *romance , the journalistic report, drama, spiritual autobiography, and criminal confession or ‘rogue biography’—the novel had always been marked both by the traces of its origins and by an ongoing dialogue with them. The Romantic novel continued this dialogue, a process of self-definition reflected in the proliferation...
Painting Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...to the beauties of natural scenery’, Alison suggests, ‘forms one of the most characteristic marks of human improvement, and may be traced to every art which professes to give delight to the imagination.’ While Alison's theories offered one avenue of interpretation and justification for pictures like Flatford Mill , the *picturesque theory of writers such as William *Gilpin and Uvedale *Price gave objects like Constable's gnarled tree, clump of plants, twisting brook, and battered stump an independent aesthetic value as signs of an unspoilt, weathered,...
The Taming of the Shrew Reference library
Michael Dobson, Anthony Davies, and Will Sharpe
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)
...Hibbard (New Penguin, 1968) Some representative criticism French, Marilyn , in Shakespeare’s Division of Experience (1982) Nevo, Ruth , in Comic Transformations in Shakespeare (1980) Rose, Mary Beth , in The Expense of Spirit: Love and Marriage in English Renaissance Drama (1980) Rutter, Carol (ed.), Clamorous Voices: Shakespeare’s Women Today (1985) Seronsy, C. C. , ‘“Supposes” as a Unifying Theme in The Taming of the Shrew ’, Shakespeare Quarterly 14 (1963)...
The Crisis of the Arab Intellectual: Traditionalism or Historicism? Reference library
Laroui Abdallah
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
.... . . the world does not grant the Arab position an equitable hearing even when this position is presented in a purely historicist framework and is no longer predicated on an immutable and transcendent right. . . . The progressive Arab intellectual must accept the Palestinian drama as a fact and the attitudes of others (rational or irrational) as facts, and he must define his position with regard to the cardinal problem of the Arabs: their historical retardation. He must not invert the terms by defining his position vis-à-vis historical retardation with an...
20a The History of the Book in Britain, c.1475–1800 Reference library
Andrew Murphy
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...of Playbooks’, in A New History of Early English Drama , ed. J. D. Cox and D. S. Kastan (1997) — The Stationers’ Company before the Charter, 1403–1557 (2003) — ‘ The Alleged Popularity of Playbooks ’, SQ 56 (2005), 33–50 H. Carter , A History of Oxford University Press (1975) B. Cunningham , The World of Geoffrey Keating (2000) A. B. Farmer and Z. Lesser , ‘ The Popularity of Playbooks Revisited ’, SQ 56 (2005), 206–13 J. Feather , ‘ The Publishers and the Pirates: British Copyright Law in Theory and Practice, 1710–1755 ’, PH 22 (1987), 5–32...
20b The History of the Book in Britain, 1801–1914 Reference library
Leslie Howsam
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...17 per cent, while fiction and juvenile literature measured about 16 per cent. A little over half of the latter category, 8.9 per cent or 3,180 entries over 32 years, constituted *novels , romances, and tales as distinct from moral tales and books for *children . *Poetry and drama, however, were a separate category in the booktrade press’s calculations. They were sixth at about 8 per cent, after education (12 per cent) and the jumble of arts, science, mathematics, and illustrated works (9 per cent). Works on medicine and law amounted to 6 per cent and 4 per...
Islam and Humanism Reference library
Mamadiou Dia
Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook
...to participate in the drama that is being played. By assuming both cosmic and new earthly responsibilities, Islam will have a real significance for the men of our world. For an Islamic Praxis Founded on the Renewal of Historic Reality To live in the world is to think and act together, it is to think in order to act, it is to act in thinking. 8 To be of this world, Islam must—at the same time that it elaborates a new theory of knowledge—construct...
