double effect
The doctrine of double effect is an exception to the general law of murder which recognises that the administration of medication to patients in the terminal phase of a terminal ...
double effect Reference library
Nicholas Dent
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (2 ed.)
... effect . The ‘doctrine of double effect’is a thesis in the philosophy of action which is put to use in moral choice and moral assessment. In many actions we may identify the central, directly intended goal or objective for the principal sake of which the action is selected and done. However, there will normally also be side-effects of the process of achieving that objective or of its accomplishment, which may be known prior to taking the action. The doctrine of double effect maintains that it may be permissible to perform a good act with the knowledge that...
double effect Reference library
Australian Law Dictionary (3 ed.)
...double effect The doctrine of double effect is an exception to the general law of murder , which recognises that the administration of medication to patients in the terminal phase of a terminal illness may have the ‘double effect’ of relieving discomfort and hastening death. The doctrine serves to protect any person involved in the treatment of terminally ill patients and makes the administration of treatment in these circumstances lawful. The essential requirement is that the primary purpose of administering the medication is to alleviate pain. This has...
doctrine of double effect Reference library
The New Oxford Companion to Law
...of double effect The ‘doctrine’ or ‘principle’ of double effect is an integral part of a tradition of common morality which holds that while it is always wrong intentionally to bring about a bad consequence it is not always wrong merely to foresee that one's conduct will produce a bad consequence. The principle identifies when conduct which produces a ‘double effect’—a good consequence and a bad consequence—is nevertheless morally permissible. The principle sets out four requirements which must be satisfied. First, the action itself must be ethically...
double effect, principle of Quick reference
A Dictionary of Philosophy (3 ed.)
... effect, principle of A principle attempting to define when an action that has both good and bad results is morally permissible. In one formulation such an action is permissible if (i) the action is not wrong in itself, (ii) the bad consequence is not that which is intended, (iii) the good is not itself a result of the bad consequence, and (iv) the two consequences are commensurate. Thus, for instance, I might justifiably bomb an enemy factory, foreseeing but not intending the death of nearby civilians, whereas bombing the civilians intentionally would...
doctrine of double effect Quick reference
A Dictionary of Law (10 ed.)
...of double effect The ethical doctrine that where a single action will foreseeably have both a good and a bad outcome, a person may perform this action provided that (a) he intends only the good outcome, (b) the bad outcome is not disproportionate to the good, and (c) the good outcome is not a direct consequence of the bad. The doctrine has often been applied to dilemmas in medical law. The classic example occurs where a terminally ill patient requires high doses of pain relief that will also hasten his death. In such a case the law holds that the doctor...
doctrine of double effect Quick reference
Concise Medical Dictionary (10 ed.)
...of double effect the principle that, where it is foreseen that a single action will have both a good and a bad outcome, a person may perform such an action provided that (a) he or she intends only the positive outcome, (b) the bad outcome is not disproportionate to the good, and (c) the good outcome is not a direct consequence of the bad. The classic example occurs where a terminally ill patient requires high doses of opiates for pain relief that may also depress respiratory function and hasten his or her death. In such a case the law holds that the...
double effect
doctrine of double effect
12 The Economics of Print Reference library
Alexis Weedon
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...time was the biggest and most modern in the country; it printed on double-sized paper at a time when only about a fifth of book paper used was double. By 1886 , however, this figure had risen to three-quarters. *Quad papers succeeded double and by 1906 were the norm. This doubling-up of sheet sizes corresponded with the increase in the size of presses. In the 30 years following 1866 , paper costs were reduced by approximately two-thirds. This substantial decrease had a significant effect on cost of production. Contemporary sources explaining the decline...
The Two Gentlemen of Verona Reference library
Michael Dobson, Will Sharpe, and Anthony Davies
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)
...with the Duke and Thurio as captives, and when the cowardly Thurio, threatened by Valentine, renounces his own claim on Silvia, she is bestowed by the Duke on Valentine. Valentine successfully requests the Duke to repeal the outlaws’ banishment along with his own, and with the double marriage of Valentine and Silvia, Proteus and Julia in prospect, all set off back towards Milan. Artistic features: The play shows a reliance on soliloquy, asides, and duologues unique in the canon: one of the reasons the famous serenade scene, 4.2, stands out so vividly is that...
Nahum Reference library
Julia M. O'Brien and Julia M. O'Brien
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...king Ashurbanipal in 663 bce . Even Thebes went into exile, even her children were dashed to pieces, and Assyria can expect to fare no better than its own victim. v. 13 again turns to derogatory feminine imagery: Assyrian warriors are shamefully compared to women, and the double entendre of ‘gates opened wide to your enemies’ promises the horror of sexual violation. Sanderson ( 1992 : 219 ), who explains both the social setting from which the rape/war connection arises and its problematic character for modern readers, highlights the irony of this...
Population Levels and Trends Quick reference
David Hey
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...population of England and Wales was counted at 8.9 million, which is usually adjusted for under‐recording to 9.2 million. The second decade of the 19th century experienced the fastest rate of growth. By 1851 the population of England and Wales had almost doubled to 17.9 million, and by 1911 it had doubled again to 36.1 million. The 20th century saw slower rates of growth. The old argument over whether the great growth in the population was due more to increased births or to falling death rates appeared to have been settled. Wrigley and Schofield calculated...
James Reference library
Rainer Riesner and Rainer Riesner
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...belief in man being created in the image of God and the prohibition of cursing man is part of the Jewish ethical tradition ( Mek. to Ex 20:26 ; Gen. Rab. to 5:1 ; Slavonic Enoch 44:1; 52:126; cf. Lk 6:27–8 ). ( 3:10 b –12 ) No Double Talk This is an important consequence of the concept of integrity contrasted with ‘double-mindedness’ ( 1:8 ). The image of plants producing appropriate fruit ( v. 12 a ) is common in Stoicism, but a very near parallel can be found in the words of Jesus ( Mt 7:16; Lk 6:44 ). The last sentence ( v. 12 b ) formulates a...
Henry V Reference library
Michael Dobson and Anthony Davies
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)
...Shakespeare’s most exciting and ambitious poetry, reaching towards the territory of epic, and the King’s two great orations, ‘Once more unto the breach’ (3.1) and ‘This day is called the Feast of Crispian’ (4.3.18–67), are classics of English patriotic rhetoric. The play is more double-edged, however, than these frequently quoted passages may suggest: its depiction of warfare never precisely matches the glamorous and heroic pictures conjured by the Chorus, while its protagonist, aptly parodied by his comic counterpart Pistol, is both more insecure and more...
Reason and Individual Reasoning Reference library
Khan Muqtedar
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...boundary between secular and sacred knowledges. Reason reigns in the former while the latter is supposed to be ruled by revelation. Indeed, traditions and metaphorical thinking masquerade as revelation in the realm of sacred knowledge. The most significant consequence of this double-think has led to the decline of both forms of knowledges in the Muslim World. There is no doubt in my mind that the decline or rather stagnation of Islamic thought in all realms is due to the leash that the fuqaha have placed on reason. The fear and skepticism of reason in Islamic...
Ecclesiastes Reference library
Stuart Weeks and Stuart Weeks
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...and a chasing after wind. ( 2:12–21 ) As in 1:17 , Qoheleth now turns to wisdom, madness, and folly. His initial conclusion seems conventional, and is in line with ideas found elsewhere (e.g. Prov 4:18–19 ). It immediately becomes clear, though, that the saying in v. 14 has a double edge: the ability of the wise to see where they are going does not affect their route; they are going the same way as the fools, and are merely more aware of it. Both the wise and the foolish, Qoheleth realizes, are doomed to oblivion, and this realization causes him to hate...
Ephesians Reference library
J. D. G. Dunn and J. D. G. Dunn
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...trust which Christ inspires, or ‘through faith in him’ ( cf. 3:17 ), humankind in its rich diversity can draw near to this God with boldness ( cf. Rom 8:15–16 ). ( 3:14–21 ) The Opening Prayer Resumed In effect everything from 1:3 to 3:21 is an extended prayer. The section 2:1–3:13 is as it were a meditative break within the prayer proper—on the effect of conversion ( 2:1–10 ), on the reconciliation of former hostility between Jew and Gentile ( 2:11–22 ), and on the divine mystery committed to Paul ( 3:1–13 ). The meditation has been of such a lofty...
Literary Theory Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...different but interrelated responses to the late-eighteenth-century ‘turn’ to the subject exemplified by Kant. It would not be an exaggeration to suggest that De Quincey's epistemological scepticism is for Coleridge the unwanted double that his aesthetic and literary speculations attempt again and again to expel. This double is at its most insistent whenever the question of the legitimacy of Coleridge's aesthetic and literary theories arises. For example, if, as I have argued, Coleridge's alignment of subjectivity, aesthetics, and nature is established on...
