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Oxford Dictionary of Humorous Quotations (5 ed.)
... Dictionaries Dictionaries Big dictionaries are nothing but storerooms with infrequently visited and dusty corners. Richard W. Bailey 1939 – 2011 American lexicographer : Images of English (1991) Big dictionaries nothing but storerooms Like Webster's Dictionary, we're Morocco bound. Johnny Burke 1908 – 64 American songwriter : The Road to Morocco (1942 film), title song Like Webster 's Dictionary Like Webster's dictionary we're Morocco bound The greatest masterpiece in literature is only a dictionary out of order. Jean ...
Dictionaries Reference library
Winifred Bauer
The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Literature
...dictionary, the Concise Maori Dictionary (ed. A. W. Reed ) was published in 1948 ; a revised edition is still available (Reed, 1984 , ed. T. S. Kāretu ). Bruce Biggs 's English– Maori Dictionary ( 1966 ) provides a more substantial word-list from English to Māori. P. M. Ryan's Dictionary of Modern Māori (first published 1974 , 4th edn 1994 , Heinemann) is a two-way dictionary covering both traditional Māori words and new vocabulary. Biggs's Complete English–Maori Dictionary ( 1981 ) is a reverse word-list based on the Williams dictionary....
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The Concise Oxford Companion to Irish Literature
... of Irish developed from early glossaries such as Sanas Chormaic , c. ad 900 [ see Cormac mac Cuileannáin ]. The first printed dictionary, Míchéal Ó Cléirigh 's Focloir no Sanasan Nua ( 1643 ), was monolingual. All later dictionaries have been bilingual. Conchubhar Ó Beaglaoich and Aodh Buidhe Mac Cruitín compiled the first English-Irish dictionary of 1732 . John O'Brien's Focalóir-Gaoidhilge-Sax-Bhéarla ( 1768 ) contains many historical articles under place, family, and personal names. Edward O'Reilly 's Irish-English dictionary of...
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Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment
...dictionaries that made large claims for authoritativeness, such as the dictionary of the Académie Française ( 1694 ) or Johnson's dictionary, were published in large format and usually in multivolume editions. They were important in identifying so-called standard language usage, particularly in France, Germany, and Italy, where many people spoke and wrote regional varieties different from the polite written and bureaucratic language. General-Purpose Works: The Dictionary and the Encyclopedia In France and England especially, ambitions for the dictionary...
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The New Oxford Companion to Literature in French
... 1606 to 1680 no major original monolingual French dictionary appeared; the majority of works published before 1680 are thus bilingual, and notably Latin–French dictionaries (e.g. Philibert Monet , Inventaire des deux langues française et latine , 1635 ), although there are also important modern‐language bilingual dictionaries (e.g. Cotgrave 's French–English dictionary of 1611 ). Note too Ménage 's Origines de la langue française ( 1650 , 2nd edn. 1694 ), an early French etymological dictionary. It was therefore not until 1680 , some 70 years...
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The Oxford Companion to Italian Literature
... Nòvo Dizionàrio ( 1887 ). Neologisms and foreign borrowings were censured by e.g. Fanfani and Arlìa, but purist attitudes were gradually abandoned in early 20th-c. dictionaries such as Panzini's Dizionario moderno ( 1905 ) and Zingarelli's Vocabolario ( 1917 ). The first major historical dictionary of united Italy was that of Tommaseo and Bellini ( 1861–79 ). Notable dictionaries of the later 20th c. include the Grande dizionario directed initially by Battaglia ( 1961– ), the Vocabolario of the Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana (...
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The Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature
...more time than any dictionary maker can spend. And indeed most definitions in most dictionaries are found in earlier dictionaries, often verbatim. Likewise, most etymologies in most dictionaries are those found in other dictionaries. Of half a dozen current dictionaries, four give only Old English “ onb•tan ” as the immediate origin of “about” and never mention any later influences ( The Chambers Dictionary , 2003 ; Encarta World English Dictionary , 1999 ; The New Oxford Dictionary of English , 1998 ; Shorter Oxford English Dictionary , 2002 ), one...
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Oxford Essential Quotations (6 ed.)
... Dictionaries The greatest masterpiece in literature is only a dictionary out of order. Jean Cocteau 1889 – 1963 French dramatist and film director attributed Every quotation contributes something to the stability or enlargement of the language. on citations of usage in a dictionary Samuel Johnson 1709 – 84 English poet , critic , and lexicographer A Dictionary of the English Language (1755) preface Every quotation contributes stability or enlargement enlargement of the language Lexicographer . A writer of dictionaries, a...
Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Reference library
Diane O. Ota and Mimi Tashiro
The Grove Dictionary of American Music (2 ed.)
...: A Musical Dictionary (Boston, 1812) W.S. Porter : The Musical Cyclopedia … Embracing a Complete Musical Dictionary (Boston, 1834) J.S. Adams : 5000 Musical Terms (Boston, 1851, 2/1865 as Adams’ New Musical Dictionary , ?3/1893) D. Buck : Buck's New and Complete Dictionary of Musical Terms (Boston, 1873/ R )* W. Ludden : Pronouncing Musical Dictionary of Technical Words, Phrases and Abbreviations (Boston, 1875, 2/1904)* J. Stainer and W.A. Barrett : A Dictionary of Musical Terms (London and Boston, 1876, 2008 as Cosmo Dictionary of Musical...
Gaelic dictionaries Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
...was Edward Dwelly's Illustrated Gaelic‐English Dictionary ( 1902–11 ). Dwelly was a London‐based learner of Gaelic, and his dictionary—which he compiled, set, and printed single‐handedly—was a work of synthesis, containing all recorded meanings of all words that figured in earlier dictionaries or word lists. Dwelly saw this compendium of the knowledge of the 18th and 19th centuries as an interim measure, pending the scholarly editions and analyses that would necessarily precede a scientific Gaelic dictionary. The present century has seen an explosion of...
Biographical dictionaries Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Australian History
...dictionaries begin with Men of the Time in Australia, Victorian Series , published in Melbourne in 1878 by McCarron , Bird & Co. J. Henniker Heaton , English journalist and postal reformer, published Australian Dictionary of Dates and Men of the Time in Sydney and London in 1879 . The longest entry was for T. S. Mort (eight columns), followed by W. C. Wentworth (seven). Many long-forgotten figures, and some New Zealanders, are included. David Blair , the Irish-born Victorian journalist and parliamentarian, produced a grandiose ...
dictionaries of music Reference library
Percy Scholes and John Wagstaff
The Oxford Companion to Music
...2/1963 ed. C. Mason ) 10. Dictionaries of early music Padelford, F. M. , Old English Musical Terms (Bonn, 1899); facs. repr. 1976 Pulver, J. , A Dictionary of Old English Music and Musical Instruments (London and New York, 1923); facs. repr. 1969 Carter, H. H. , A Dictionary of Middle English Musical Terms (Bloomington, IN, 1961) Roche, J. and E. , A Dictionary of Early Music (London, 1981) Strahle, G. , An Early Music Dictionary: Musical Terms from British Sources, 1500–1740 (Cambridge, 1994) 11. Dictionaries of contemporary music Slonimsky,...
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The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures
...dictionary as a tool for compiling new dictionaries was less problematical. Most of the early dictionaries are based on it. A manuscript trilingual Spanish–Latin–Nahuatl dictionary in the Ayer Collection of the Newberry Library, for example, is a literal hand copy of the 1516 printed edition of Nebrija. Nebrija's Spanish and Latin are written out in black ink, with Nahuatl glosses entered in red. A Spanish–Nahuatl dictionary based on Nebrija compiled by Alonso de Molina was published in 1555 , followed by a bidirectional dictionary in 1571 ....
Encyclopedias and Dictionaries Reference library
LIU Hang and Zhongguo Da Baike Quanshu
Berkshire Encyclopedia of China
... Dictionaries Ancient Chinese dictionaries did not differentiate between zi 字 (single characters) and ci 词 (words with multiple characters). The Chinese called dictionaries of this nature zishu (books of characters). Not until publication of Kangxi zidian ( The Kangxi Emperor’s Dictionary of Characters ) in the Qing dynasty ( 1644–1912 ) and the emergence of the term cidian (dictionary of words) in modern China did the Chinese begin to distinguish the concept of zidian (dictionaries of characters) from that of cidian (dictionaries of...
Encyclopedias and Dictionaries Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome
...and Dictionaries We can hardly avoid grouping together these two categories of reference works because the distinction between them was only worked out after the fact, as ancient scholarship evolved. For our purposes, we may define encyclopedias as compilations of material from existing texts (including earlier encyclopedias) covering persons, events, and places, and grouped by some combination of subject fields and alphabetization. The dictionary ( lexicon , onomasticon ), on the other hand, is simpler, being an alphabetized list of words, usually...
concordances and dictionaries Reference library
Marvin Spevack and Will Sharpe
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)
...and dictionaries . Editions of Shakespeare from the 18th century to the present have attempted to elucidate Shakespeare by incorporating commentary and glosses, but as the need became greater, separately printed and specialized works have appeared. The synchronic aim of semantic glossaries is exemplified in the title of Robert Nares’s popular Glossary; or, Collection of Words, Phrases, Names, and Allusions to Customs, Proverbs, etc. Which Have Been Thought to Require Illustration, in the Works of English Authors, Particularly Shakespeare, and his...
Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Reference library
Tom GILSON
Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History (2 ed.)
...Dictionary of the English Language ( 1828 ) reflected this fact. His dictionary also had a lasting impact on the spelling of American English. But Webster’s work may have faded from view had not George and Charles Merriam purchased the rights from his family. The Merriams improved the quality of the dictionary and published revisions and abridgements on a regular schedule. The name Merriam-Webster is still one of the most respected in dictionary publishing. The greatest of all English dictionaries is undoubtedly the fabled Oxford English Dictionary ....
Dictionaries of Italian Literature Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Italian Literature
... of Italian Literature . Until recently, Italian culture preferred large-scale discursive histories rather than dictionaries of literature. Convenient works in dictionary form published since the 1960s include: G. Petronio , Dizionario enciclopedico della letteratura italiana ( 1966–70 ); E. Bonora (ed.), Dizionario della letteratura italiana (2 vols., 1976 , but updated at various times since); V. Branca (ed.), Dizionario critico della letteratura italiana (3 vols., 1976 : rev. 1986 ); S. Jacomuzzi (ed.), Dizionario della letteratura...
Webster’s Collegiate Dictionaries Quick reference
The Oxford Companion to the English Language (2 ed.)
...Webster’s Collegiate Dictionaries . A line of best-selling desk dictionaries produced by Merriam — webster , Springfield, Massachusetts. The first Collegiate ( 1898 ) was compiled to be used by college students, taking its place in a series of abridgements intended to serve students from primary to university level. However, it was soon dubbed ‘the busy man’s dictionary’, indicating its general usefulness. Subsequent editions appeared in 1910 , 1916 , 1931 , 1936 , 1946 , 1963 , 1973 (which sold over 11m copies) and 1983 (the 9th edition, with...
dictionaries and encyclopaedias of philosophy Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (2 ed.)
...by Rudolf Eisler's massive Wörterbuch of 1899 . The Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology ( 1899 ), edited by J. M. Baldwin , with contributions from William James , G. E. Moore , and many other distinguished philosophers, is the first serious philosophical dictionary in English. The Dictionary of Philosophy ( 1942 ), edited by Dagobert D. Runes , also had some impressive contributors, several of whom united to condemn the editor's handling of their contributions. Subsequent dictionaries in English, such as those of A. R. Lacey ( 1976 ) and A....
