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covert operation Reference library
The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military
... operation an operation planned and executed as to conceal the identity of, or permit plausible denial by, the sponsor. A covert operation differs from a clandestine operation in that emphasis is placed on concealment of the identity of the sponsor rather than on concealment of the operation...
covert operation
Covert Operations Reference library
William M. Leary and Timothy J. Lynch
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Military and Diplomatic History
... Operations In June 1948 , National Security Council Directive 10/2 defined covert operations as actions conducted by the United States against foreign states, “which are so planned and executed that any U.S. Government responsibility for them is not evident to unauthorized persons and that if uncovered the U.S. Government can plausibly disclaim any responsibility for them.” Authorizing the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) to oversee covert operations, the directive outlined five different areas of clandestine operations: propaganda, economic warfare,...
Covert Operations Reference library
The Oxford Companion to American Military History
...“other functions and duties” when it made the CIA responsible for covert psychological operations. Directive 10/2 went much further, creating the Office of Special Projects (later, Office of Policy Coordination), headed by Frank Wisner to conduct a wide variety of covert operations. The first clandestine project undertaken by the CIA was an attempt through psychological warfare and political covert action to influence the elections of 1948 in Western Europe. Paramilitary covert operations began with the Korean War . By 1952 , the budget of the Office of...
Islam and the Challenge of Economic Development Reference library
Ahmad Khurshid
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...effort is modelled after the prototypes of growth developed by the Western theorists and practitioners of planning and “sold” to the planners in the Muslim countries via international diplomacy, economic pressurization, intellectual mobilization and a number of other overt and covert means. Whatever be the source of inspiration—the Capitalist economies of the West or the Socialist models of Russia and China—no effort worth the name seems to have been made to re-think the basic issues of development economics in the light of the ideals and values of Islam and...
1 Chronicles Reference library
H. P. Mathys, H. P. Mathys, and H. P. Mathys
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...statements. One subject binds the whole chapter together (using catchwords amongst other methods), namely help for David from his supporters and God. The Chronicler does not discuss Saul's kingdom, especially ignoring his conflict with David. That period is presented only covertly here. Since the information in this chapter is concerned with aspects regarded as untypical for the Chronicler (aside from certain high numbers), it is often seen as in part old and dependable, and in part consisting of newer additions from a later period than the Chronicler's...
Jeremiah Reference library
Kathleen M. O'Connor and Kathleen M. O'Connor
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...prose comment uses language previously used for Judah to describe devastation of the entire earth ( v. 33 ). vv. 34–8 then narrow the attack to the ‘shepherds’, the kings who are responsible for provoking divine anger ( 25:35–7 ). YHWH, the attacking lion, has already left his ‘covert’ to begin the attack. Chs. 1–25 use mythic, metaphorical description to magnify the threat to Judah as superhuman and inexorable. They charge the people with heinous crimes and obscene infidelities. They portray Jeremiah as isolated and absolutely alone. All these facets of the...
clandestine operation
special air operation
low-visibility operations
Intelligence Reform Act
Intelligence Oversight Act
airborne land forces
victim-blaming
“Pete” Earl Hancock Ellis
Islamic Jihad
counterinsurgency
National Security Act
guerrilla warfare
