compromise formation n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
... formation n. In psychoanalysis , a form assumed by a repressed wish, idea, or memory to gain admission to consciousness as a symptom , usually neurotic ( 1 ) , a dream ( 1 ) , a parapraxis , or some other manifestation of unconscious activity, the original idea being distorted beyond recognition so that the unconscious element that needs to be repressed and consciousness that needs to be protected from it are both partially satisfied by the compromise. The idea was introduced by Sigmund Freud ( 1856–1939 ) in 1896 in his article ‘Further...
compromise formation
10 Paper Reference library
Daven Christopher Chamberlain
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...of the process of fibre preparation and sheet formation, as practised over almost 900 years, is highly simplified, it should be obvious that practices have developed so much during this period that clues will reside in each sheet to aid its identification. The following sections describe various ways that such clues may be read. 3 Sheet structure The heterogeneous nature of paper can be observed by holding a sheet to a light source and looking at its cloudy appearance; this is known as formation. It is a measure of how evenly the various furnish...
Prints Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...imitate wash drawing, thereby allowing the production of particularly elegant collections of views. In the face of these new imitative methods, traditional line-engraving was open to criticism as inexact, labour-intensive, and old-fashioned. However, partly through judicious compromise with new demands, it continued to hold its own well into the nineteenth century. For the professional printmaker these new techniques raised the fundamental question of whether he (printmakers were almost always male) should be content to reproduce the characteristics of...
Zechariah Reference library
Katrina J. A. Larkin and Katrina J. A. Larkin
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...edited over an extended period of perhaps two centuries (450–250?) by and for the kind of traditionists who would later emerge into the light of history as the community at Qumran: separatists who criticized mainstream Judaism for its perceived loss of purity and its political compromises. D. Relation to Apocalyptic. Some scholars regard the visions of Proto-Zechariah as proto-apocalyptic because their literary form is similar to that of the later apocalypses such as the second half of Daniel (‘Apocalyptic Literature’, OCB ): they are clearly revelatory...
General Introduction Reference library
John Barton and John Muddiman
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...of texts, dating from the late biblical period up to 200 ce , which, while not biblical on any definition, are nevertheless relevant to the serious study of the Bible: these are the Dead Sea scrolls, the Old Testament pseudepigrapha, and the apocryphal New Testament. The compromise solution we have reached is to offer not exactly commentary, but two more summarizing articles on this literature ( chs. 55 and 82 ) which, however, still focus on the texts themselves in a way consistent with the commentary format. Some readers may wish to distinguish sharply...
Introduction: Muslim Activist Intellectuals and Their Place in History Reference library
John L. Esposito and John O. Voll
Makers of Contemporary Islam
...the nineteenth century, a new type of Muslim intellectual began to develop in which many of the characteristics of both the modern secular intellectual and the tradition ulama were visible, at first, often, in uncomfortable compromise and then in increasingly effective synthesis. Emergence of Secular Intellectuals At the beginning of the nineteenth century in many...
2 The Sacred Book Reference library
Carl Olson
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...Beliefs about the impermanent nature of language and lack of a divine revelation within the religious tradition probably formed the context for the use of many languages in Buddhism. Contrary to common presuppositions, the multiple languages for Buddhist scripture did not compromise its authenticity or authority. These religious traditions also exhibited differences with respect to the issue of the canon, the authoritative and official body of writings of a religious tradition. From a cross-cultural perspective, a canon can be considered closed, as in the...
Numbers Reference library
Terence E. Fretheim and Terence E. Fretheim
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...patience and mercy, and the divine will to stay with Israel in this time of adolescence. No divine flick of the wrist is capable of straightening them out without compromising their freedom. If God wants a mature child, the possibility of defiance must be risked. But it soon becomes clear that the process of maturation will take longer than a single generation. God will not compromise in holding Israel to high standards. 4. Ancestral Promises. God is committed to the ancestral promises, especially of land. As Israel moves out from Sinai, the goal is the...
Introduction to the Pauline Corpus Reference library
Terence L. Donaldson
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...of Tarsus as Paul's home city. Luke goes further, however, to identify Paul as a citizen both of Tarsus ( 21:39 ) and of Rome ( 16:37–9; 22:25–9; 23:27 ), the latter by birth. This is not outside the realm of possibility. Jews certainly could be Roman citizens without compromising their traditional observances (e.g. Jos. Ant. 14.228–37). Tarsus itself was lavishly rewarded for services rendered, both by Mark Antony after the death of Cassius and Brutus (Appian, Historia , 5.1.7), and by Octavian after the battle of Actium (Dio Chrysostom, Orationes...
48 The History of the Book in America Reference library
Scott E. Casper and Joan Shelley Rubin
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...strengthened and threatened the place of print in American life. More books, produced more cheaply and efficiently, were available to more people, but so was a wider array of competing commodities and diversions. Publishers and readers alike responded by negotiating various compromises between acceptance of modern business values and the preservation of a realm for the book that appeared to be above the market. By the 1890s , the innovations of the preceding 50 years in papermaking ( see 10 ) and printing ( see 11 ) had dramatically increased American...
Modern Translations Reference library
Stanley E. Porter
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...English Version. The story is one filled with agreements and some serious disagreements, even disputes, the influence of powerful personalities and strongly held convictions, the commendatory work of numerous translation committees and the perhaps not always so commendable compromise that such work requires, and the diligent and often thankless work of numerous individuals, some of whom remain virtually unknown and others of whom put their names at the head of their translations. Title page of the Revised Version with Apocrypha, which was first published...
Job Reference library
James L. Crenshaw and James L. Crenshaw
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...the face of revolt (cf. 1 Enoch 6–11 and Dan 10; cf. also Isa 14:12–21 ). In Bildad's opinion, God's purity dwarfs everything, from moon and stars to those born of woman, here called maggots and worms. ( 26:1–27:23 ) Job's Integrity Compromised (?) The mixture of untraditional views and orthodox sentiment seems to compromise Job despite his protests otherwise. Did his closing responses to Bildad and Zophar so anger readers that they replaced them with palatable views? What could he have said that went beyond the stinging indictment of God in 24:1–12 ?...
Introduction to the New Testament Reference library
Leslie Houlden
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...has Jesus endorse and intensify the requirements of the Law ( 5:17–20; 23:23 ), while he takes a humane view on certain currently disputed issues ( 12:1–14; 19:1–9 ; adapting Mark). And Luke places his attitude somewhere between Mark and Matthew, rather in the spirit of the compromise he shows the Jerusalem church arriving at later in the light of substantial Gentile conversions to the church ( Acts 15 ). It is hard to avoid the conclusion that all these presentations have been affected by the diverse resolutions of this problem, both pressing and practical...
The Four Gospels in Synopsis Reference library
Henry Wansbrough
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...by ‘the world’ (which can elsewhere be used in a positive sense, 1:9; 3:16–19; 12:46 ), but their identity is made clear by the phrase ‘their law’ ( 15:25 ) and the similar threat to put you ‘out of the synagogue’, 16:2 . The Spirit in John. The centrality of Jesus is not compromised but rather enhanced by the importance of the Spirit. There is a sense throughout the gospel that the Spirit is necessary to complete the work of Jesus. The descent of the Spirit at the baptism will enable Jesus to baptize in the Spirit, which is represented to Nicodemus as the...
Visions of Kingdoms: From Pompey to the First Jewish Revolt Reference library
Amy-Jill Levine
Oxford History of the Biblical World
...the Hasmoneans; the family's nationalistic aspirations coupled with their dynastic difficulties had fully compromised their position. The only effective local power was held by that Idumean political opportunist Antipater, whose son would become known as Herod the Great. Pompey returned to Rome, bringing with him several hundred Judean prisoners, including Aristobulus. These slaves, and their freed descendants, contributed to the formation of the large Roman Jewish community, among whom the nascent Christian church would later find both support...
Bitter Lives: Israel in and out of Egypt Reference library
Carol A. Redmount
Oxford History of the Biblical World
...second millennium bce , from the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age to the beginning of the Iron Age or even later. Even the site currently identified with Kadesh-barnea provides no evidence of habitation prior to the establishment of the Israelite monarchy. Compromise and selectivity are thus the keys to all hypotheses that have been advanced to date the Exodus events. Most often these hypotheses correlate aspects of the biblical narrative with particular historical settings and events and selected archaeological evidence. All assume that...
1 & 2 Samuel Reference library
Gwilym H. Jones, Gwilym H. Jones, and Gwilym H. Jones
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...he had been deceived by Ziba ( cf. 16:1–4 ), and relied on the king's mercy. In his attempt to get a favourable decision he referred to him as an ‘angel of God’ ( cf. 14:17, 20 ) and reminded him of previous favour granted to him. David's reply, curt and to the point, was a compromise, and he divided Saul's territories between Ziba and Mephibosheth. Barzillai had made provision for the king and his troops ( 17:27 ), and David wished to recompense him by giving him a place in the court ( vv. 31–40 ). Because of his old age Barzillai could no longer enjoy the...
Romans Reference library
Craig C. Hill and Craig C. Hill
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...ones who ‘do’ the law.) The best explication of the phrase is found in Rom 1:18–32 , which vividly describes human nature at war with God. The essential sin is idolatry, the devotion to something as god that is not God. Again, there is no middle ground, no accommodation, no compromise. Believers are on one side of the line and unbelievers the other. By the logic of Paul's argument, believers should now have the power to do what the ‘wretched self’ of Rom 7 could not, namely, obey the law. Nevertheless, the ‘just requirement of the law’ (equivalent to ‘the...
