coinage metals Quick reference
A Dictionary of Physics (8 ed.)
...coinage metals A group of three malleable ductile transition metals forming group 11 (formerly IB) of the periodic table: copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au). Their outer electronic configurations have the form nd 10 ( n +1) s 1 . Although this is similar to that of alkali metals, the coinage metals all have much higher ionization energies and higher (and positive) standard electrode potentials. Thus, they are much more difficult to oxidize and are more resistant to corrosion. In addition, the fact that they have d -electrons makes them show variable...
coinage metals Quick reference
A Dictionary of Chemistry (8 ed.)
... metals A group of three malleable ductile transition metals forming group 11 (formerly IB) of the periodic table : copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au). Their outer electronic configurations have the form nd 10 ( n +1) s 1 . Although this is similar to that of alkali metals, the coinage metals all have much higher ionization energies and higher (and positive) standard electrode potentials. Thus, they are much more difficult to oxidize and are more resistant to corrosion. In addition, the fact that they have d -electrons makes them show variable...
coinage metals
English, Scottish, and Anglo-Irish Family Names Reference library
Peter McClure and Patrick Hanks
Dictionary of American Family Names (2 ed.)
... may never have been used outside of the 12th-century Anglo-Norman families that adopted it as their surname (modern tankard ). However, large numbers of French personal names and words were adopted into English usage, so that by the time of the main period of English surname coinage (the 13th and 14th centuries) native English people were frequently naming their children with Old French and continental “Christian” personal names, as just illustrated, and surnaming them with words of French origin. French was by then the pre-eminent source of new words among...
20a The History of the Book in Britain, c.1475–1800 Reference library
Andrew Murphy
The Oxford Companion to the Book
.... Company officers were empowered to search the premises of all printers and other members of the trade and to seize any seditious or heretical material. The Company regulated publishing and enforced an early system of *copyright (though the word itself is an 18 th -century coinage) by requiring that new titles be registered in advance of being printed. By the close of the 16 th century, the Stationers’ Company was beginning to lay the groundwork for consolidating the *rights in certain standard works into a portfolio controlled by its most senior...
1 Maccabees Reference library
U. Rappaport and U. Rappaport
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...and his supporters. v. 5 , probably for conciseness' sake, details about tax release are skipped, and the reference is made to former arrangements. v. 6 , ‘your own coinage’, this privilege was one of the more conspicuous symbols of sovereignty in the Hellenistic-Roman world, especially in the case of silver coinage. Nevertheless Simon did not utilize it, and the earliest Hasmonean coinage known is from John Hyrcanus' time. See Rappaport ( 1976 ) and Meshorer ( 1990 –1:106 ). ( 15:10–14 ) Dor was a Phoenician coastal city south of Acco/Ptolemais....
Israel and the Nations Reference library
Oxford Bible Atlas (4 ed.)
...alliances, and sometimes the emperor brought up their children with his own family or else appointed guardians for their children. They were relatively independent within their own kingdoms and might issue coins, as did Herod, albeit that he was only permitted to issue copper coinage. They were expected to provide military assistance to the emperor, if required, and in many cases their primary function seems to have been to maintain order on the boundaries of the empire. Herod was bitterly disliked by the Jews. He despoiled them for his own gain and was...
Ezra–Nehemiah Reference library
Daniel L. Smith-Christopher and Daniel L. Smith-Christopher
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...Lind, M. (1980), Yahweh is a Warrior (Scottdale, Pa.: Herald). McEvenue, S. (1981), ‘The Political Structure in Judah from Cyrus to Nehemiah’, CBQ 43/4: 353–64. Memmi, A. (1965), The Colonizer and the Colonized (New York: Beacon). Morkholm, O. (1991), Early Hellenistic Coinage (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Mumford, L. (1961), The City in History (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich). Myers, J. M. (1974), I and II Esdras , AB 42 (New York: Doubleday). Nakasone, S. (1993), Josiah's Passover: Sociology and the Liberating Bible (Maryknoll,...
Churches in Context: The Jesus Movement in the Roman World Reference library
Daniel N. Schowalter
Oxford History of the Biblical World
...a connection with the divine by depicting Augustus on one side, with a scene symbolizing a deity on the other. Coin issues commemorated major events, including the building of roads and aqueducts, military victories, the founding of temples, and travels of the emperor. Because coinage came in a variety of denominations, from small copper coins to large commemorative medallions, the emperor's images found their way into the hands of a wide cross-section of residents of the empire. These images portrayed a variety of imperial activities, but their purpose was...
group 1 elements
Greek coinage
weights, Athenian
coin
Roman economy
Greek epigraphy
gold
Comitatensian Mint Reference library
Rebecca Darley
The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
...producing precious metal coinage . During the late 3rd and early 4th centuries minting personnel appear to have been part of the imperial retinue ( see Comitatus ) and where possible to have used existing minting facilities to issue precious-metal coinage from wherever the court might be. This appears to have arisen from the mobility of the imperial courts under the Tetrarchy and the dynasty of Constantine I , from the increasing centralization of precious-metal bullion in the court treasury, and from the need of the court for coinage. From the mid-4th...
coinage, Roman and post-Roman Reference library
Rebecca Darley
The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
..., Roman and post-Roman The coined metals which circulated legally within the Roman state, and the coinage issued by successor powers of Rome in parts of the West, based on Roman models, were a multi-metallic system with interrelated precious and base metal denominations. Roman coinage was issued by multiple mints throughout the Empire, with stringent control maintained over the production of precious metal coinage, which was regarded as a state prerogative. In addition to functioning as an economic medium, Roman coinage was a vehicle for state...
ounce Reference library
Rebecca Darley
The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
... (Latin uncia ) One-twelfth of a Roman pound, and the metrological basis for Late Roman coinage . Fractions of an ounce were used as the basis for denominating both precious- and base-metal coinage in the Roman Empire; thus the gold solidus was struck to 1/72 of a pound, while the copper terunciani weighed one-third of an ounce. Rebecca Darley Grierson , Byzantine Coinage . RIC V/1; V/2; VI, VII, VIII, IX,...
coinage, civic Reference library
Kevin Butcher
The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
..., civic In the Eastern Roman Empire many cities produced their own coinages for local circulation. This was a continuation of the tradition practised by cities since Hellenistic times and earlier. Most of these coinages were of base metal (copper, bronze , or brass), but a few were of silver or debased silver. The Severan period in the early 3rd century witnessed the greatest number of civic communities issuing their own coins. It is thought that debasement of imperial silver coinage in the mid-3rd century made civic coinage unprofitable to...
