books of courtesy Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Children's Literature (2 ed.)
...Booke of good maners for chyldren . Erasmus emphasized the importance of an education in the liberal arts as a means of achieving true nobility. His book was used in English schools, and was recommended more than a century later by Charles Hoole . Among the many books of courtesy that appeared during the first half of the 17th cent. were Youths Behaviour, or Decencie in Conversation ( c. 1641 ), translated from the French by an eight-year-old boy, Francis Hawkins, and printed at his father’s request, and Cacoethes’ Leaden Legacy: or His Schoole of ill...
15 Children’s Books Reference library
Andrea Immel
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...form of entertainment and edification (at least in wealthy households). In a society where books were relatively uncommon, the ability to read was highly variable, and works were often intended for audiences of all ages. During the late 15 th and 16 th centuries, much of what children read had been in circulation before the invention of printing. By modern standards, few concessions were made to children as readers. Production was dominated by didactic works, including Latin *grammars (by Donatus and others), courtesy literature or *conduct books (e.g....
48 The History of the Book in America Reference library
Scott E. Casper and Joan Shelley Rubin
The Oxford Companion to the Book
..., and Edith Wharton , but refused a novel of Arnold Bennett’s because of its ‘unpleasant sordid details’ (Madison, 199). Many of these firms maintained the ‘courtesy of the trade’ by refusing to lure authors away from their competitors. As had been true for earlier figures such as Fields, however, ideological principles coexisted with, and sometimes served, business priorities. By the turn of the century, the spread of a national market, the volatility of Wall Street, and the aggressive business climate of the late 19 th century allowed the book industry...
19 The Electronic Book Reference library
Eileen Gardiner and Ronald G. Musto
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...and parsing programs, the widespread international adoption of TEI in the world of libraries, archives, and publishing continued to assure its dominance. 7 Models and aesthetics E-books are extremely adaptable and functional; New and old technology: the iLiad Reader marketed by Libresco. Just as the characteristics of *newspapers changed people’s reading habits and the railway revolutionized the distribution of print, so e-books may change how, what, when, and where material is read. Courtesy of Libresco.com when the proper coding language and syntax are...
The Apocrypha Reference library
Philip Davies
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
... Fragments of the Old Latin translation of Ezekiel as discovered in the binding of another codex. The translation originates from North Italy in the 5 th century. The Schøyen Collection Ms 46. Location: Oslo & London/Courtesy Sotheby's. 1 Esdras is unique in being only partly a translation of a Hebrew book. 1: 1–2: 15 is clearly a translation of 2 Chronicles 35: 1–36: 23, 1 Esdras 2: 16–30 a translation of Ezra 4: 7–24, and Esdras 5: 7–9: 55 a translation of Ezra 2: 1–10: 44 (with the omission of Ezra 4: 6–23 ), plus...
11 The Technologies of Print Reference library
James Mosley
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...is generally agreed that—although the appearance of offset lithography is subtly different from that of letterpress printing—digital types and typesetting have on the whole enhanced the look of printing without altering it noticeably. The ‘a’ of a TrueType font of Times Roman, with all the points that govern its Bézier curves and straight lines. Courtesy of Professor James Mosley Nevertheless, the underlying technical processes employed to produce the printed page have changed tremendously. The widespread use of metal type had effectively ceased by about 1980...
Liberation Theology: Europe Reference library
Luise Schottroff and John Rogerson
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...of European social-historical interpretation of the Bible. Courtesy Prof. Dr. Luise Schottrof. In 1977 the ‘Heidelberg Working Group for Social-Historical Interpretation of the Bible’ was formed, a group in which biblical scholars, church workers, and members of the laity worked together on the social questions of their time. The biblical scholarship which several of the members carried out in the universities was no longer to be oriented to academic consensus and thus to an academic career, but was to be oriented towards the work of...
14 Printed Ephemera Reference library
Michael Harris
The Oxford Companion to the Book
.... Courtesy of Alfred Dunhill Museum and Archive Across the entire modern period, a huge and expanding volume of print in all its forms was in circulation. In the attempt to get some sort of *bibliographical control over the composition and character of ephemera, scholars have undertaken a process of listing. This has usually been done by constructing sequences made up of main physical forms and of the themes around which ephemeral print has clustered, for example, business, transport, leisure and entertainment, and home life. The Encyclopedia of...
The Bible in Literature Reference library
David Jasper
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...culmination of our Western literature…a culmination that is ending or apocalypse itself’. By courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London. In stark contrast to Arnold, the language and poetics of early twentieth-century modernism are sharp and precise in their interactions with the Bible. If the novelist D. H. Lawrence (1885–1930) continues the traditions of Victorian fiction in, for example, the Edenic themes and imagery of Lady Chatterley's Lover (1928), a year earlier a poem by T. S. Eliot (1888–1965), ‘Journey of the Magi’, is...
The Old Testament Reference library
John Rogerson
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...de Wette (1780–1849) in his study in Basel. De Wette's reconstruction of the history of the ancient Israelite cult (1804–7) was a formative point in modern biblical criticism. Courtesy Professor J. W. Rogerson. The traditional views of authorship had two strengths. First, they provided a clear account of the origin of the faith of Israel. It was divine revelation communicated directly to individuals such as Moses. Secondly, if the authors of Old Testament books were known, it became possible to regard them as writers inspired by God. The...
The Bible in Judaism Reference library
Philip Alexander
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...as a young man. Courtesy of the Jewish Museum, London. This traditional likeness of the great Jewish philosopher Maimonides (1135–1204) was used on a postage stamp issued in Israel in 1953 to mark the International Congress of the History of Science. Courtesy Clive Rosen, Israel-Judaica Stamp Club. Philology pushed medieval Jewish Bible commentary in the direction of the plain sense of scripture. An upsurge of philosophy and mysticism, however, was to push it more in the direction of allegory. Philosophy,...
1700 to the Present Reference library
Ronald Clements
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...and techniques of writing and the production of literary works, such as those preserved in the Bible, could be given a cultural context which they had not previously possessed. Cherubim figures from the temple of ‘Ain Dara‘ 67 km (42 miles) northwest of Aleppo, Syria. Courtesy Professor R. E. Clements. The Devotional Interpretation and Use of the Bible Scientific study of the Bible has frequently appeared to have as its primary duty the task of formulating biblical teaching, whether of ideas or events,...
10 Paper Reference library
Daven Christopher Chamberlain
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...from a knowledge of common commercial sheet sizes, taking into account the trimming that is necessary during the book-binding process, and the fact that printing papers were generally slightly larger than their equivalent writing-paper sizes, in addition to being more softly sized. Finally, the edges of the sheet give information on sheet formation and finishing. Sheet edges (from left to right): hand-made; machine-made cylinder mould; hand-torn; guillotined or cut edge. Courtesy of Daven Chamberlain Rough borders can be a sign of deckle edges, as from a...
The New Testament Reference library
David Parker
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
... A portrait of John Mill (1645–1707) in Queen's College, Oxford. Mill was an important figure in the development of the textual criticism of the New Testament and produced an edition with an extensive critical apparatus. Courtesy The Queen's College, Oxford. The reaction was violent. Even though Mill had printed the received text, the very fact that he listed variations from it was regarded by many as playing into the hands of Latitudinarians, Deists, and Atheists, as threatening the historical truth of Christianity, and as...
Religious Liberty Reference library
Mohamed Talbi
Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook
...Arabic word used in this verse, and rendered in the translation by the verb “to submit,” is “ Muslimun ” —“Muslims.” To be a true Muslim is to live in courteous dialogue with peoples of other faiths and ideologies, and ultimately to submit to God. We must show concern to our neighbors. We have duties to them, and we are not islands of loneliness. The attitude of respectful courtesy recommended by the Qur'an must be expanded to embrace all mankind, believers and unbelievers, except for those who “do wrong”—the unjust and violent, who resort deliberately to fist...
Ecclesiasticus, or The Wisdom of Jesus Son of Sirach Reference library
John J. Collins and John J. Collins
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...( 11:7–28 ) Patience and Trust vv. 7–8 involve elementary courtesy as well as being a prerequisite for wisdom: cf. Prov 18:13 ; m. ᾽ Abot , 5:10 . The advice in v. 9 is expressed more pungently in Prov 26:17 : ‘Like somebody who takes a passing dog by the ears is one who meddles in the quarrel of another.’ In much of this section Sirach expounds a theme that is surprisingly reminiscent of Ecclesiastes: the futility of toil and effort. Success is determined by the favour of the Lord ( cf. Eccl 2:26 ). Even if someone thinks he has acquired wealth, the...
Feminist Scholarship Reference library
Yvonne Sherwood
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...ways.) A portrayal of Sarah and her son Isaac from Testament: The Animated Bible . While Sarah is absent from the biblical account of the ‘sacrifice’ of Isaac (Genesis 22), the Animated Bible inserts her into the story. Courtesy S4C. There are some passages in the Old Testament/Hebrew Bible that, like Eve, seem to be absolutely iconic of the injustices challenged by the feminist movement. Leviticus prescribes forty days of uncleanness after the birth of a boy child and eighty after the birth of a girl, and values women at 30...
Modern Translations Reference library
Stanley E. Porter
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...translation of the Bible should be recognized as the important effort that it was, resulting not only in his two translations, but also in his involvement with the Revised Standard Version, though he died before it was completed. James Moffatt (1880–1944) produced innovative translations of the Bible (New Testament 1913, Old Testament 1924). A native of Glasgow, he held posts in Oxford and Glasgow, and New York where he died. Courtesy of Mansfield College, Oxford. Whereas the first two personal translations of substance were...
Into Exile: From the Assyrian Conquest of Israel to the Fall of Babylon Reference library
Mordechai Cogan
Oxford History of the Biblical World
...Yamani, who sought to lure other vassal kingdoms in the southern region, among them Judah, to his side. At about this time, emissaries of Merodach-baladan (the biblical rendering of Mardukapal-iddina), the Chaldean king of Babylonia, arrived in Jerusalem; ostensibly, they had come on a courtesy visit to inquire of Hezekiah’s health, which had recently been failing. Merodach-baladan was a known foe of Assyria with a record of rebellion, and conceivably while in Jerusalem his envoys discussed diplomatic and perhaps even economic relations between Judah and...
Genesis Reference library
R. N. Whybray and R. N. Whybray
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...does not designate the great Hittite empire of Asia Minor, long extinct when this chapter was written, but is used as a general designation of the Canaanites. Abraham, having no settled home, is obliged to seek a place of burial for Sarah from the local inhabitants. The cave in question belongs to one Ephron ( v. 8 ); but the decision to convey it to Abraham's use evidently rests with the people of Hebron as a whole—the ‘people of the land’ ( vv. 10–13 ). The negotiation is carried on with great courtesy; it is a legal transaction, and the terminology...
