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Overview

biological reductionism

A theoretical approach that aims to explain all social or cultural phenomena in biological terms, denying them any causal autonomy. Twentieth-century incarnations of biological ...

biological reductionism

biological reductionism   Quick reference

A Dictionary of Sociology (4 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2015
Subject:
Social sciences, Sociology
Length:
134 words

...for crime —as being biologically determined, by claiming that groups have different biological capacities or evolutionary trajectories. The theories of Social Darwinism , eugenics , and sociobiology often involve biological reductionism. A recognition of the importance of biological conditions and human nature need not involve biological reductionism. See also ardrey...

biological reductionism

biological reductionism  

Reference type:
Overview Page
A theoretical approach that aims to explain all social or cultural phenomena in biological terms, denying them any causal autonomy. Twentieth-century incarnations of biological reductionism have ...
Feminist Scholarship

Feminist Scholarship   Reference library

Yvonne Sherwood

The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2022
Subject:
Religion
Length:
6,603 words
Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Illustration(s):
12

...the point that the interests, ideas, and beliefs of this alleged universal—man—do not represent their own interests, ideas, or beliefs, and that reading themselves into ‘mankind’ involves a dangerous kind of self-forgetfulness (or self-abnegation). 2. Sex is a biological given at birth, but gender (the templates we have in our minds of what it means to be ‘masculine’ and ‘feminine’) is something we learn from culture. The roles are not equally distributed: as Simone de Beauvoir famously put it in The Second Sex, Woman is defined and differentiated...

10 Paper

10 Paper   Reference library

Daven Christopher Chamberlain

The Oxford Companion to the Book

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2010
Subject:
History, Social sciences
Length:
6,045 words
Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Illustration(s):
2

...applied in papermaking. Processing of raw plant matter follows a similar path, except that the unwanted constituents need to be dissolved rather than washed away. Strong alkali or acid is used as a chemical treatment, sometimes following a retting (or soaking) stage in which biological pre-treatment softens the fibres. Again, bleaching may follow before the pulp is ready for use. Plant or textile fibres prepared in this way are still not suitable for papermaking; they need mechanical treatment to separate the individual fibres, modify their length, alter...

biological simplification

biological simplification  

The reduction of biodiversity that results from altering the environment in ways that favour certain species over others, either directly (through management) or indirectly (for example, through ...
auticidal control

auticidal control  

A type of biological control in which the pest population contributes to an increase in its own mortality rate (e.g. the release of sterilized males leads to the laying of infertile eggs and, ...
reductionism

reductionism  

[Th]The general principle that complicated phenomena can be explained by conceptually reducing them to a set of simple variables. This is often linked to essentialist or socio‐biological approaches.
supervenience

supervenience  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Philosophy
Term introduced by Hare to describe the way that ethical properties relate to other, psychological and natural properties of things. Properties of one kind, F, supervene upon those of another kind, ...
social determinism

social determinism  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Media studies
1. (*cultural determinism, social shaping) In theories of the relationship between society and technology or media, a stance which asserts the primacy of social (and political) factors rather than ...
Robert Ardrey

Robert Ardrey  

Reference type:
Overview Page
(1908–80)Though best known for a series of best-selling books on human and animal nature, Ardrey's early career was as a novelist and playwright. In the 1950s he became deeply interested in R. A. ...
denature

denature  

To produce a structural change in a protein or nucleic acid that results in the reduction or loss of its biological properties. Denaturation involves unfolding of the polypeptide chains of proteins ...
integrated vector management

integrated vector management  

(IVM)A set of evidence-based, decision-making procedures for the planning, delivery, and evaluation of sustainable combinations of vector control measures with a measurable impact on transmission ...
photoinhibition

photoinhibition  

1 The reduction in photosynthesis caused by exposure to abnormally high intensities of visible or ultraviolet light. Some degree of light-induced damage occurs normally in all photosynthesizing ...
oxidant

oxidant  

Reference type:
Overview Page
n. (in biological systems) a molecule that serves as an electron acceptor. In human disease oxidants are derived from normal intracellular processes and released by inflammatory cells. They are ...
platelet-activating factor

platelet-activating factor  

(PAF)A phospholipid mediator of inflammation produced by a variety of cell types. Originally named for its ability to activate and aggregate platelets as part of the blood-clotting mechanism, it is ...
materialism

materialism  

Reference type:
Overview Page
1. In everyday usage, a value system privileging wealth, possessions and/or bodily pleasures over ethical or philosophical values. This is the antithesis of aestheticism, spirituality, and idealism ...
sociobiology

sociobiology  

Reference type:
Overview Page
The study of the biological bases of social behaviour. See also evolutionary psychology. sociobiological adj. Pertaining to sociobiology. sociobiologist n. One who practises sociobiology.
reduction

reduction   Quick reference

A Dictionary of Genetics (8 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2014
Subject:
Science and technology, Life Sciences
Length:
39 words

... classically defined as the addition of hydrogen or electrons. Most biological reductions involve hydrogenations, and hydrogen transfer reactions are usually mediated by NADPH. In cases involving electron transfer, cytochromes ( q.v. ) are reduced. See nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate , oxidation...

quinone

quinone   Quick reference

A Dictionary of Genetics (8 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2014
Subject:
Science and technology, Life Sciences
Length:
30 words
Illustration(s):
1

...a compound belonging to a class of molecules that function in biological oxidation-reduction systems. Among their other functions quinones play an essential role in the light-dependent reactions of...

biological simplification

biological simplification   Quick reference

A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation (3 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2017

... simplification The reduction of biodiversity that results from altering the environment in ways that favour certain species over others, either directly (through management) or indirectly (for example, through...

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