amino acids, ketogenic Quick reference
A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition (4 ed.)
... acids, ketogenic Those amino acids that give rise to ketone bodies or acetate when they are metabolized. Only leucine and lysine are purely ketogenic; isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan give rise to both ketogenic and glucogenic fragments; the remainder are purely glucogenic. See also amino acids, glucogenic...
amino acids, ketogenic
amino acids, glucogenic
amino acid supplements
amino acids, glucogenic Quick reference
A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition (4 ed.)
... acids, glucogenic Those amino acids that can be utilized for gluconeogenesis . See also amino acids, ketogenic...
tyrosine Reference library
Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2 ed.)
... α ‐amino‐ p ‐hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid; α ‐amino‐ β ‐( p ‐hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid; 3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)alanine; 2‐amino‐ 3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid; HO−C 6 H 4 −CH 2 −CH(NH 2 )−COOH; a chiral α ‐amino acid. l ‐Tyrosine ( symbol : Y or Tyr), ( S )‐2‐amino‐3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, is a coded amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins; codon: UAC or UAU. In mammals, it is an essential dietary amino acid, and is both glucogenic and ketogenic. One residue per molecule of d ‐tyrosine ( symbol : d ‐Tyr or d Tyr), ( R )‐2‐amino...
branched‐chain amino acid Reference library
Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2 ed.)
...amino acid abbr. : BCAA; any of the neutral aliphatic essential amino acids l ‐leucine, l ‐isoleucine, and l ‐valine. They are incorporated into proteins or degraded oxidatively in mitochondria, especially in skeletal muscle, liver, and brain, and are ketogenic. BCAA infusions counteract the catabolic state of severe trauma and sepsis. Maple‐syrup urine disease results from their defective oxidative...
phenylalanine Reference library
Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2 ed.)
...for β ‐phenylalanine; α ‐aminohydrocinnamic acid; α ‐amino‐ β ‐phenylpropionic acid; 2‐amino‐3‐phenylpropanoic acid; C 6 H 5 −CH 2 −CH(NH 2 )−COOH; a chiral α ‐amino acid. l ‐phenylalanine ( symbol : F or Phe), ( S )‐2‐amino‐3‐phenylpropanoic acid, is a coded amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins; codon: UUC or UUU. In mammals, it is an essential dietary amino acid, and is both glucogenic and ketogenic. Residues of d ‐phenylalanine ( symbol : d ‐Phe or d Phe), ( R )‐2‐amino‐3‐phenylpropanoic acid, occur in a number of peptide antibiotics,...
leucine Reference library
Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2 ed.)
...the trivial name for α ‐aminoisocaproic acid; α ‐amino‐ γ‐ methylvaleric acid; 2‐amino‐4‐methylpentanoic acid; (CH 3 ) 2 CH−CH 2 −CH(NH 2 )−COOH; a chiral α ‐amino acid. l ‐leucine ( symbol : L or Leu), ( S )‐2‐amino‐4‐methylpentanoic acid, is a coded amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins; codon: CUA, CUC, CUG, or CUU; UUA or UUG. In mammals, it is an essential amino acid, and is ketogenic. Residues of d ‐leucine ( symbol : d ‐Leu or d Leu), ( R )‐2‐amino‐ 4‐methylpentanoic acid, occur in a number of peptide antibiotics, e.g....
isoleucine Reference library
Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2 ed.)
...with those of alloisoleucine , (2 R *,3 S *)‐2‐amino‐3‐methylpentanoic acid. l ‐isoleucine is a coded amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins; codon: AUA (not in mitochondria of fruit fly, mammals, or yeast) (anticodon: UAU); AUC or AUU (anticodon: UAG). In mammals, it is an essential dietary amino acid, and is both glucogenic and ketogenic. d ‐Isoleucine is not known to occur...
lysine Reference library
Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2 ed.)
...name for α,ɛ ‐diaminocaproic acid; 2,6‐diaminohexanoic acid; H 2 N−[CH 2 ] 4 −CH(NH 2 )−COOH; a chiral α ‐amino acid. l ‐Lysine ( symbol : K or Lys), ( S )‐2,6‐diaminohexanoic acid, is a coded amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins; codon: AAA or AAG. In mammals, it is an essential dietary amino acid, and is ketogenic. d ‐Lysine ( symbol : d Lys or d ‐Lys), ( R )‐2,6‐diaminohexanoic acid, is a substrate for lysine racemase and d ‐lysine 5,6‐aminomutase. The conversion of d ‐lysine to l ‐pipecolic acid, and of the latter to l ‐lysine,...
amino acids Reference library
The Oxford Companion to the Body
...as nitrogen products and the residue converted either to a ketone body, called acetoacetic acid (one of the products also of fat metabolism), or to products readily converted to glucose. Amino acids are there-fore divided into ketogenic or gluconeogenic (conversion to glucose) types. Nitrogen losses in the urine may be greater than the nitrogen intake in the diet (negative nitrogen balance) not only when the essential amino acids are missing, but also when the calorie intake is adequate but the overall protein content of the diet is too low; this occurs in...
amino acid supplements Quick reference
Food and Fitness: A Dictionary of Diet and Exercise (2 ed.)
...support the use of amino acid supplements when there is a natural stimulus to increase muscle bulk, for example during the initial stages of training. There is no scientific evidence, however, to support claims that amino acid supplements improve strength, power, muscle growth, or work capacity. Most nutritionists state emphatically that a normal, healthy person eating a well-balanced diet does not need amino acid supplements. Overconsumption causes health risks. Unbalanced amino acid mixtures or single amino acids may be toxic. If amino-acid supplements are...
