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Azhar, al- Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages
..., al- (mosque, university) This imposing structure was erected by the Fatimid Muizz li-Din Allah in *Cairo in 970 to promote Shiite learning. Its reputation recovered under the Mamluks. It assumed central significance since *Egypt was prosperous, and was enlarged by the Ottomans. Minarets of al-Azhar mosque and university. © Gary Cook/Alamy Muhammad Ashraf Ebrahim Dockrat A. Nanji , ‘ Azhar ’, MedIsl vol. 1,...
Aẓhar, al- Reference library
Donald Malcolm Reid
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam
...al-Aẓhar to found “modern” schools, a printing press, an official journal, and Western-inspired courts. The departure of progressive Aẓharīs like Rifāʿah Rāfiʿ al-Ṭahṭāwī, Muḥammad ʿAbduh, and Saʿd Zaghlūl to work for the state reinforced al-Aẓhar’s conservatism. Beginning in 1872 , state reformers tried to overhaul al-Aẓhar, and later, competition with state-school graduates for jobs fostered a reformist minority inside al-Aẓhar. Khedive Ismāʿīl (r. 1863–1879 ) installed the first non-Shāfiʿī in 145 years as shaykh al-Aẓhar: Muḥammad al-ʿAbbāsī al...
al-Azhar Reference library
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
...-Azhar (Arab., ‘the most resplendent’). One of the principal mosques in Cairo, also a centre of learning and later a university. It was founded in 969 ce by the Fāṭimid rulers of Egypt. Since they were Ismaʿīlī, al-Azhar was (for two centuries) a centre for Ismaʿīlī teaching, until the Ayyubids under Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn ( Saladin ) deposed the Fāṭimid dynasty in the late 12th cent. In the 1950s, and especially in the reform of 1961 , further expansion added facilities for a much wider range of studies (including sciences, languages, and business studies) and...
Azhar, al- Reference library
Donald Malcolm Reid and Joseph A. Kéchichian
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics
..., al- . Situated in the heart of the medieval Cairo neighborhood, al-Azhar is one of greatest mosque-universities in the world today, if not the greatest. After al-Jawhar al-Ṣiqillī began constructing al-Azhar in 970 as Cairo's official mosque, al-Azhar introduced organized instruction in 978, which makes it one of the oldest teaching universities in the world. Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn and his Ayyūbid heirs downgraded the status of al-Azhar when they restored Egypt to Sunnī Islam in 1171. Successive sultans and amīrs of the Mamlūk dynasty (1250–1517) patronized...
Azhar, al- Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
...and opening branch campuses, al-Azhar had 160,000 university students taking year-end examinations in 1990 compared with 600,000 in the state universities. Standards in both systems plunged in the face of inadequate support and overwhelming student enrollments. Al-Azhar's Preaching and Guidance section sent preachers and lecturers throughout Egypt. Al-Azhar acquired its own press. Its Majallat al-Azhar (Journal of al-Azhar, originally Nūr al-Islām , Light of Islam) was established in 1930 and its Voice of al-Azhar radio program in 1959 , and Azharī...
Azhar, al- Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
...Azhar, al- Founded in 969/970 , this Cairene university may have been named for the prophet Muhammad 's daughter Fatimah “al-Zahra” (the brilliant), the eponymous ancestor of the Fatimids, founder of Cairo. Premodern al-Azhar had no formal admissions procedures, academic departments, written examinations, grades, or degrees; the curriculum focused on Quranic exegesis, hadith, jurisprudence, grammar, rhetoric, and the sciences. The early modern period ushered in attempts to reform and modernize the university through the addition of new subjects and required...
al-Azhar
al- Azhar
38 The History of the Book in the Muslim World Reference library
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...that would do full justice to the demands of traditional Islamic scholarship, in respect of both the shape of the text (i.e. the form of the text as it appears in the early MSS without vocalization and diacritics) and the way it was presented. The lead was taken by scholars at Al-Azhar mosque-university in Cairo, the pre-eminent seat of traditional learning in Islam. After seventeen years of preparatory work, their edition was published in 1924 , under the auspices of King Fu’ād of Egypt. It was printed orthographically in such a way that the shape of the...
Mustafa al- Maraghi
Shaykh al- Ṭanṭāwī
Muhammad Abu Zahra
Abd al-Halim Mahmud
Dar al-Ulum
Mahmud Shaltut
Takfīr wa-al-Hijrah, Jamāʿat al-
Ḥasan al-Bannā’
Jamaat al-Takfir wa'l-Hijrah
Mohammad Tahir ibn Jalaluddin al-Azahari
