ablation zone Quick reference
A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation (3 ed.)
... zone ( ablation area , zone of ablation ) The lower part of a glacier , where in the course of a year more ice is lost by ablation than accumulates. Contrast accumulation zone...
ablation zone Quick reference
A Dictionary of Weather (3 ed.)
... zone The zone of a glacier in which losses through various processes, such as calving, deflation , melting, etc., exceed any addition through snowfall or accumulation of rime ice . Compare accumulation zone...
ablation zone
Towns Quick reference
David M. Palliser
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...privileges. The royal towns (which included most of the more important English towns) were generally able to acquire their own elected officials (usually headed by a mayor), to free themselves from the control of sheriffs and other royal officials, and effectively to become corporate towns, well before the formal age of charters of incorporation started in 1345 . This meant that the town's officers and council could be treated as one ‘body’, able to hold property collectively and to sue and be sued at law. Seigneurial towns (those held by lords other...
Forging an Identity: The Emergence of Ancient Israel Reference library
Lawrence E. Stager
Oxford History of the Biblical World
... 1. The implanted culture must be distinguishable from the indigenous cultures in the new zones of settlement. If the intrusive group launches an invasion (as proponents of the Israelite “conquest” postulate), then there should be synchronous discontinuities, such as destruction layers, separating the previous “Canaanite” cultures from the newly established “Israelite” cultures in the zone of contention. 2. The homeland of the migrating/invading...
Compatibility: Neither Required nor an Issue Reference library
Ullah Jan Abid
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...Debate: Democracy and Islam,” a PBS debate between Daniel Pipes and Muqtedar Khan. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/shows/junoon/debate.html. 11. Copyright 2003 Chicago Tribune Company, Chicago Tribune April 23, 2003, Wednesday, Chicago Final Edition Section: News; Pg. 1; Zone: C Length: 1504 Words Headline: Imams Exercise Newfound Clout; Mosques Gaining Postwar Power. Byline: By Paul Salopek, Tribune Foreign Correspondent. Tribune Foreign Correspondent Tom Hundley in Qatar contributed to this report. 13. Sharma Ramesh. “Democracy Should Uphold...
24 The History of the Book in Germany Reference library
John L. Flood
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...censorship. Gradually, the Four Powers issued licences and German publishing burgeoned again, though developments varied somewhat in the different zones of occupation. The first licence for the publication of books in the British Sector of Berlin was granted on 3 October 1945 to Walter *de Gruyter Verlag, whose roots go back to 1749 . In the German Democratic Republic (GDR), the former Soviet Zone of Occupation, almost all publishing firms passed into state control. Thus, long-established firms like Breitkopf & Härtel, Brockhaus, Insel, and Reclam...
Popular Culture Quick reference
Charles Phythian-Adams
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...as ‘the people's own’. Third, other than speech in for what long remained an illiterate world for most of its inhabitants, interaction or communication was highly visual. People therefore were able to ‘read’ such signals. Body language, for example, for a long time involved more extreme modes of gesture than it does today, while those concerned seem to have been able to comprehend—probably instantly—an extraordinary range of identifying marks, signs, emblems, colour codes, coats of arms , liveries, symbols, or trade banners. The fourth and last...
37 The History of the Book in Sub-Saharan Africa Reference library
Andrew Vlies
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...cultures include slavery, and the forces that opposed and finally achieved its abolition—Christian evangelism, and the mission-facilitated literacy it spread across broad swathes of the continent ( see 9 ). The arrival of print and the book produced ambivalent results in zones of cultural contact: facilitating productive engagements with modernity yet silencing ancient cultures; promoting new forms of knowledge while functioning as a vehicle for organizing site-specific hierarchies of power. Early Portuguese settlements were established in West Africa...
Exploration Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...frequently explained, broadly following Montesquieu ( 1689–1755 ), by recourse to an elastic notion of climatic determination. Features of particular peoples and societies were derived not from their mode of subsistence, but from their residence in torrid, temperate, or frigid zones; or from the action of more particular environmental effects, such as wind and sea air, or from combinations of the climate and mode of life. These considerations might in turn be overshadowed by innate propensities that were taken to characterize particular races, such as the...
1 Thessalonians Reference library
Philip F. Esler and Philip F. Esler
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...phenomena, although rare, if not unheard of, in domestic settings in first-century cities of the Graeco-Roman East, were characteristic of Paul's mission ( Esler 1994 : 40–51 ), as he also later reminded the Galatians ( Gal 3:1–5 ). Charismatic phenomena created an exciting zone of Spirit-filled experience unique to his congregations. Once again, the group-differentiating element to this language should not be missed—another way of describing their identity was as a group actually filled by God. v. 6 , they became his and the Lord's imitators in the way...
Feminist Scholarship Reference library
Yvonne Sherwood
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...attempt to create a space for women in history, a historical room of their own (which is often lacking in the text). For many feminist critics it is important to argue using objective, mainstream methodologies, or versions of them, lest feminist critics be simply dismissed to a zone of ‘creativity’ and ‘subjectivity’. Other critics, such as Alice Bach, are influenced by post-structuralist critiques of objectivity, and are involved in self-consciously re-imagining the texts from a woman's perspective (on the grounds that all scholarship, ultimately, is...
Class Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...these were the first political associations to try to recruit ‘numbers unlimited’. The Seditious Meetings Act of 1795 , the suspension of habeas corpus, and finally the Combination Acts ( 1799–1800 ) [ see *gagging acts ] pushed these associations increasingly into a twilight zone of secrecy and closed down every other form of labour combination as well, making *trade unions and self-governing *friendly societies illegal. Repression and *loyalist sentiment silenced most *Whig and middle-class radicals and, with the exception of the oppositionist...
Judges Reference library
Susan Niditch and Susan Niditch
The Oxford Bible Commentary
... see Deut 13:6 and Job 31:27 ; and with eroticism see 2 Sam 12:12 . ‘Coming to’ may also have erotically intimate connotations ( see Ruth 3:4 ). v. 21 , the ‘thrust’ term also used in Judg 4:21 combined with the short sword that had been worn on the thigh, a male erogenous zone in the HB, and its destination the belly, a term also employed for ‘womb’ completes the womanization of the enemy whose defeat by an Israelite hero is enriched narratively by a metaphoric mixing of images of sex and slaughter, a trait of epic battle scenes elsewhere in the world...
28 The History of the Book in Italy Reference library
Neil Harris
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...Outside school, the average Italian employed a dialect whose range of intelligibility varied considerably. In the north and in Tuscany, the same dialects covered large regions; in the agricultural and poverty-stricken regions of the south and in the islands, however, linguistic zones were more restricted, meaning that people living in one village could hardly talk to those 20 miles away. Italian’s growth into a national spoken language is that of an artificial tongue, to some extent an ideology, that was largely book-disseminated. Its progress originated in...
Dutch Family Names Reference library
Leendert Brouwer, Peter McClure, and Charles Gehring
Dictionary of American Family Names (2 ed.)
...different times. In the early Middle Ages the northwestern region in particular was a thinly populated and barely cultivated region, continually threatened by the sea. Inland regions were similarly threatened by the powerfully westward-flowing rivers, which caused dangerous delta zones, and they were also rather neglected and poorly developed, partly because of their location at the outer boundaries of the Holy Roman Empire. Agricultural conditions improved in later times, especially through land reclamation, and a thriving fishing and mercantile economy...
A Feminist Interpretation of Women's Rights in Islam Reference library
Fatima Mernissi
Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook
...times and the intensity of the conflicts between the aspirations of women, who take the constitution of their country seriously, and the resistance of men, who imagine, despite the laws in force, that power is necessarily male. This makes me want to shed light on those obscure zones of resistance, those entrenched attitudes, in order to understand the symbolic —even explosive—significance of that act which elsewhere in the world is an ordinary event: a woman's vote. For this reason, my misadventure in a neighborhood grocery store had more than symbolic...
Before Israel: Syria-Palestine in the Bronze Age Reference library
Wayne T. Pitard
Oxford History of the Biblical World
...us to reconstruct the general outlines of political developments during the reigns of seven kings of Ugarit. They indicate that Ugarit was able to steer itself well through the political turmoil of the period of competition between Egypt and Hatti. Ugarit had kept close ties with Egypt during much of the second millennium. Even when they found it necessary to submit to Hittite dominance the kings of Ugarit were able to maintain economic relations with Egypt, apparently with Hittite acquiescence. The texts reflect a number of problems that arose between...
Ezekiel Reference library
J. Galambush and J. Galambush
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...a measuring rod and instructs Ezekiel to pay close attention so as to be able to pass on what he sees to the Israelites. The whole of 40:5–42:20 comprises a tour in which Ezekiel witnesses as his guide measures the various dimensions of the temple complex, beginning at the outer wall, proceeding inwards to the holy of holies, and then returning to the complex's outer wall. Unlike the Solomonic temple, Ezekiel's is provided with two courtyards, thus allowing an additional buffer-zone separating the holy from the common. Both the outer and inner courtyards...
Ezra–Nehemiah Reference library
Daniel L. Smith-Christopher and Daniel L. Smith-Christopher
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...rights of the urban aristocracy defeated even the radical measures of the Jubilee redistribution of land ( Weinfeld 1995 : 176 ). By rebuilding the wall, Nehemiah also guarantees the financial rights of the wealthy class of Jerusalem—in a sense creating economic opportunity zones within the boundaries of the administrative city that he is trying to rebuild (as a royal figure?). Note the similar impact of Josiah's reforms in 2 Kings 23 ( see Nakasone 1993 ). vv. 17–19 , it is so with all the privileged in history—their over-indulgence is justified by...
