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Xi’an Incident Reference library
David D. BUCK
Berkshire Encyclopedia of China
...Xi’an Incident Xī’ān Shìbìan 西安事变 The Xi’an Incident ( December 1936 ) occurred when two Chinese Nationalist generals, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng , arrested President Chiang Kai-shek while he was in Xi’an to assist the Nationalist campaign against the Chinese Communists. Chiang was taken captive on 12 December and released on 25 December, partly at the urging of the Chinese Communists. Chiang might have been assassinated while a prisoner, but he won his freedom with a promise to undertake strong united resistance to the Japanese...
Xi’an incident (December 1936) Quick reference
A Dictionary of World History (3 ed.)
...’an incident ( December 1936 ) The kidnapping of the Chinese leader Chiang Kai-shek while visiting disaffected Manchurian troops at Xi’an. Chiang was captured by conspirators headed by Zhang Xueliang, who attempted to force him to give up his campaign against the communists and lead a national war against the Japanese, who had occupied Manchuria in 1931 . After Chiang had refused to accede to their demands, the communists, headed by Zhou Enlai , also became involved in the negotiations and eventually Chiang was released, having promised to take a more...
Xi'an Incident (12–25 Dec. 1936) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (6 ed.)
...Xi'an Incident ( 12–25 Dec. 1936 ) After nine years, Chiang Kai-shek 's policy of fighting the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) before turning against the foreign aggressor, Japan, had come under increasing criticism within his own ranks, especially in the northern armies which had lost Manchuria to the Japanese in 1931 ( Manchukuo ). In early 1936 , their leader, Chang Hsüeh-liang , entered secret negotiations with the Communist Party about a common front against the Japanese. When Chiang Kai-shek came to Chang's headquarters in Xi'an, the capital...
Xi'an incident
Genesis Reference library
R. N. Whybray and R. N. Whybray
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...related to it. They are concerned to enhance Abraham's status: although he remains an alien ( v. 34 ) he is recognized by Abimelech as especially protected and favoured by God; he is thus treated by a king, who commands an army, as an equal. In vv. 22–4 Abimelech thinks it important to safeguard himself by obtaining from him an oath that he will remain his ally (the phrase is ῾āśâ ḥesed ) and that this alliance will continue in future generations. The second incident is quite different: Abraham becomes involved in a dispute with Abimelech over the...
1 & 2 Samuel Reference library
Gwilym H. Jones, Gwilym H. Jones, and Gwilym H. Jones
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...Thus the narrative serves as an introduction to David's period of flight before Saul and also to later relations between David and the house of Saul. ( 21:1–15 ) David in Nob and Gath David's visit to Nob is the first scene in a plot continued in 22:6–23 , but which is at present interrupted by the incidents recorded in 21:11–22:5 ( McCarter 1980 following Grønbaek 1971 ). Taken as a whole the unit shows that David secured the support of the priesthood; however, it was obtained through deception, not willingly like that of Michal and Jonathan, and it...
A Land Divided: Judah and Israel from the Death of Solomon to the Fall of Samaria Reference library
Edward F. Campbell Jr.
Oxford History of the Biblical World
...this hypothesis has been destroyed by the discovery of the Dan stela, with its inescapable reference to the “house of David.” At Arad, guarding the Judean southern frontier, 25 kilometers (15 miles) west of the Dead Sea, the date of the Solomonic fortress (Stratum XI) has been disputed and may belong to the early ninth century bce . Beer-sheba, west of Arad in the central northern Negeb, was a fortified Judean town substantially to the south of Rehoboam's string of frontier fortifications, suggesting that Asa's or Jehoshaphat's control...
United Front
National Government of the Republic of China
Chinese Communist Party
Sino-Japanese War
Zhou Enlai
Chiang Kai-shek
geming xiandai xi Reference library
The Companion to Theatre and Performance
...dialect, much plainer make-up and *costumes , more complicated scenery and *lighting , act and scene divisions, and a symphonic orchestra. Banned from performance after the Cultural Revolution, geming xiandai xi were revived in the late 1980s and early 1990s as an attempt to boost the image of the Communist Party after the Tiananmen incident and the fall of communism in Europe and the Soviet Union. They were received with a mixture of suspicion and cynicism, but also with a sense of nostalgia by the generation who had grown up with them as their sole...
Chang Hsüeh‐liang (4 July 1901) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (6 ed.)
...in Nanjing (Nanking). With many of his troops dispatched at Chiang Kai‐shek's demand, he was powerless to prevent the Japanese invasion into Manchuria in 1931 ( Manchukuo ). He remained an important ally to Chiang, and successfully urged him to form an anti‐Japanese alliance with the Communists, mainly by placing him under house arrest until he agreed (the Xi’an incident of 1936 ). Chiang never forgave him for this, and had him arrested soon afterwards. He was taken to Taiwan in 1949 , and lived under house arrest until Chiang's death. Released in 1990 ,...
United Front ((China)) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (6 ed.)
...Front (China) The second coalition between the Guomindang (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP ) as well as other nationalist groups ( 1937–45 ). After an earlier period of cooperation had broken down in 1927 , Chiang Kai-shek had formed the National Government , one of whose most important goals had been the destruction of the Communists. Now, following the Xi'an Incident the two foes joined forces in order to focus on the common foreign enemy, the Japanese. The CCP pledged to cooperate fully in the Sino-Japanese War , and sent delegates...
truth-telling Reference library
Kevin Flannery
The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (4 ed.)
...with an obligation not to reveal something—something falling, for instance, under the seal of confession—and this has given rise to various theories of mental reservation. Catholic moral theology distinguishes between restrictio pure mentalis (’strict mental reservation’) and restrictio late mentalis (’wide mental reservation’). For the former, if, for example, one utters the words ‘About that incident, I know nothing’ but adds internally ‘that I wish to reveal’, one does not lie. In 1679 this theory was condemned as laxist by Innocent XI . In wide...
geming xiandai xi Reference library
Siyuan Liu
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Theatre and Performance
...much plainer make-up and costumes , more complicated scenery and lighting , act and scene divisions , and a symphonic orchestra. Banned from performance after the Cultural Revolution, geming xiandai xi were revived in the late 1980s and early 1990s as an attempt to boost the image of the Communist Party after the Tiananmen incident and the fall of communism in Europe and the former Soviet Union. They were received with a mixture of suspicion and cynicism, but also with a sense of nostalgia by the generation who had grown up with them as their...
Alfonso XI of Castile (1311–1350) Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology
...XI of Castile ( 1311–1350 ), king of Castile (r. 1312–1350 ). A military reformer and commander of European-wide fame, Alfonso XI ascended to the throne when he was barely a year old after the death of Fernando IV (r. 1295–1312 ). The ensuing thirteen-year minority saw Castile sink into a state of almost constant civil war as various magnate factions sought control of the regency. This state of affairs did not end even when Alfonso started ruling as an adult. The young king, in spite of the vulnerability of his position, continued southward Castilian...
LU Longji (Z.) Reference library
Fang Chao-ying
Eminent Chinese of the Qing Period (Rev)
...dismissed, his reputation as an incorruptible official nevertheless became widespread. In the spring of 1678 he taught the sons of a wealthy family named Xi 席 of Changshu, Jiangsu, and in the summer of the same year went to Beijing to take the special examination known as boxue hongci , but his father’s death made it obligatory for him to return home and go into mourning before the examination took place. During the prescribed twenty-seven months of mourning he studied the three classics on Rites and the works of Zhu Xi ( see under Hu Wei ). His...
