Words of the Sage to the Sons of Dawn
Fragments of one manuscript of Words of the Sage to the Sons of Dawn (in Cryptic A Script; 4Q298) have been preserved in Cave 4 at Qumran. [See Cryptic Scripts.] ...
Words of the Sage to the Sons of Dawn Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls
...of the instructions of the “sage” ( maskil ). Words of the Sage to the Sons of Dawn (4Q298 3–4.ii.3–8) contains formulas known from the Rule of the Community from Cave 1 at Qumran (e.g., 1QS v.4–5). The contents of the Words of the Sage to the Sons of Dawn are too poorly preserved to be discussed. Its major significance lies in the use of the cryptic script and in its being a specimen of the instruction of the sage to novices; the affinity to other works from Qumran may indicate that these works as well might be products of the teachings of the sage....
Words of the Sage to the Sons of Dawn
Job Reference library
James L. Crenshaw and James L. Crenshaw
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...to the friends the idea that God will refute Job. Elihu's protestations to originality do not dissuade interpreters from viewing his contribution to the argument as minimal. ( 32:15–22 ) The final section of Elihu's self-introduction uses the image of a wineskin about to burst from the pressure of fermentation. The sages were aware of a sense of urgency in speaking; they even made clever jokes about the desire to spread gossip, insisting that the words would not explode within one's belly ( Sir 19:10 ). Prophetic literature also recognizes the necessity to...
Proverbs Reference library
K. T. Aitken and K. T Aitken
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...her son on his duty to administer justice. King Lemuel is otherwise unknown. As in 30:1 , ‘oracle’ translates Hebrew maśśā ᾽ and may designate a tribe or region in northern Arabia. This gains some added support by the presence of Aramaic words in the text (e.g. bar , ‘son’, for Heb. ben ). Although the role of the queen-mother is unusual, the vocational intent of the passage brings it particularly close to Egyptian instruction, especially those concerned with the training of future monarchs (e.g. the Instruction of Merikare ). Appealing to his filial...
Essay with Commentary on Post-Biblical Jewish Literature Reference library
Philip S. Alexander
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...of Israel and of all (13) [his brethren, the sons] of Aaron, the priests, [those called] to the assembly, the men of renown; and they shall sit (14) be[fore him, each man] in the order of his dignity. And then [the Mess]iah of Israel shall [enter], and the chiefs of (15) the [clans of Israel] shall sit before him, [each] in the order of his dignity, according to [his place] in their camps and on their manoeuvres. (16) And all the heads of [family of the congreg]ation, and their sage[s and scholars], shall sit before them, each in the order of (17) his...
Minorities in a Democracy Reference library
Humayun Kabir
Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook
...of man but of divine origin. The Qur'an insists on the unity of Godhead and claims that this is the basis of all true religion. The Rig Veda also proclaims, “He is one, though sages call Him by many names.” The Atharva Veda declares that renown and glory, force and happiness, splendor, food and nourishment belong to him who only thinks of God as “One without a second. . . . He is the Sole, the simple One, the One alone.” One could easily imagine that these passages were taken from the Qur'an. In the light of the Qur'anic declaration that...
Matthew Reference library
Dale C. Allison, Jr. and Dale C. Allison, Jr.
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...the place where, according to tradition, Pharisaic sages congregated after the war. These sages were concerned with the disunity of the Jewish people and with the attraction of movements from without, including Christianity. They accordingly promoted unity, began the process of collecting their oral laws, sought to establish a standard calendar for the religious year, and tried to transfer to the synagogue rites previously performed in the temple itself. So in Matthew's time a highly self-conscious and probably aggressive Pharisaism was asserting itself to...
Introduction to the Pentateuch Reference library
G. I. Davies
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...‘The common situation which we have to suppose is this: In the leisure of a winter evening the family sits about the hearth; the grown people, but more especially the children, listen intently to the beautiful old stories of the dawn of the world, which they have heard so often yet never tire of hearing repeated.’ It is to be noted, because of the contrast with von Rad and Noth, that it is a domestic scene that Gunkel reconstructed, not one of a cultic festival. He lived before the time when all (or nearly all) the OT was thought to be related to the...
In the Beginning: The Earliest History Reference library
Michael D. Coogan
Oxford History of the Biblical World
...in the cool late afternoon ( 3.8 ). And the first human, formed by Yahweh from the soil as a potter shapes a vessel and infused with an element of the divine, is made to cultivate and tend the garden. The first children of Adam and Eve are Cain and Abel, a farmer and a herder, and Cain's son Enoch is the first to build a city ( Gen. 4.17 ). Cain's descendants go on to make musical instruments and bronze and iron tools. In a later generation, after the Flood, Noah will be the first to plant a vineyard ( 9.20 ). As in the ...
Luke Reference library
Eric Franklin and Eric Franklin
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...that in him the excluded had been included; the outsider had been brought within the people of God. His story will tell of the inclusion of tax-collectors and sinners, of women, of the poor, of the marginalized, and, ultimately, of the Gentiles. So it is right that his infancy narrative should tell of the message of angels to shepherds and that it should be they, rather than the Gentile sages of Matthew's gospel, who should visit the infant Jesus. David was called to Bethlehem from minding the sheep in order to receive anointing at the hands of Samuel ( 1 Sam...
2 Corinthians Reference library
Margaret MacDonald and Margaret MacDonald
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...elsewhere in 2 Corinthians the metaphor of slavery, the theology of the cross, and the list of apostolic hardships work together to communicate the notion of a reversal of norms for judging claims of authority ( 2 cor 4:7–15 ). Paul's listing of a catalogue of sufferings is in keeping with the Stoic and Cynic theme that the hardships of the sage demonstrate virtue and character ( Fitzgerald 1988 : 199–201 ). Paul gives these traditional elements distinctive meaning in relation to the Christ event ( Witherington 1995 : 400 ). The stress on reputation and...
Sons of Dawn
Sons of Dawn Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls
... of Dawn . The term benei shaḥar (“Sons of Dawn”) occurs in the title of 4Q298 (Words of the Sage to the Sons of Dawn) and perhaps in one other passage in the Damascus Document (CD xiii.14). The use of the term in Words of the Sage to the Sons of Dawn should be understood in light of the content of the message that follows. Since this composition appears to be an introductory address, it is probable that the Sage is speaking to novices and that the term “Sons of Dawn” implies that these individuals are “dawning” out of the darkness into the light, and are...
Wiesel, Eliezer (1928–) Reference library
The Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers
...of all people to confront hatred, racism, and genocide, wherever expressed. In this connection he has boldly, lucidly, and eloquently taken up the cause of the Kurds in Turkey and Iraq, the victims of South African apartheid, the Miskito Indians of Nicaragua, Cambodian refugees, Soviet Jews, and support of the state of Israel. BIBLIOGRAPHY Dawn (New York, 1961). Night (New York, 1961). The Accident (New York, 1962). The Town Beyond the Wall (New York, 1964). The Gates of the Forest (New York, 1966). Jews of Silence (New York, 1966). Legends of Our...
Secrecy Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls
...to discuss these “hidden things” or other insights with Jews who were not members of the community (1QS v.10–16, ix.16–17). Discussions are to be only with “the chosen of the Way” (1QS ix.17–18). One of the attributes of “the Sons of Truth” is that they conceal “the truth of the mysteries of knowledge” (1QS iv.6). At Qumran sometimes scribes wrote in code to hide secrets from the uninitiated, for example, in Words of the Sage to the Sons of Dawn (in Cryptic A Script; 4Q298). The master is to instruct only the Sons of Light “in the mysteries of wonder...
Mishnah Reference library
Ishay Rosen-Zvi
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Bible and Law
...came to be considered a faithful representation of the Oral Law, rather than a mere collection of customs and traditions. The unique characteristics of the Mishnah can be exemplified by looking at its very first unit, tractate Berakot 1:1: From what time in the evening may the Shema ʿ be recited? From the time when the priests enter [the Temple] to eat of their heave-offering until the end of the first watch. So R. Eliezer. But the Sages say: Until midnight. Rabban Gamaliel says: Until the rise of dawn. His sons once returned [after midnight] from a...
Sapiential Work Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls
...feminine singular forms, though the content of the advice to her reflects the patriarchal assumptions of the text as a whole. As a wisdom instruction, Sapiential Work A belongs with other such texts found at Qumran (Sapiential Work 4Q185, Words of the Sage to the Sons of Dawn [in Cryptic A Script] 4Q298, Mysteries a–c 4Q299–301, Sapiential Work 4Q424, and Wisdom Text with Beatitudes 4Q525). There also may be some connections with the other (extremely fragmentary) manuscripts classified as sapiential on the basis of their vocabulary (Sapiential Work F...
Community Organization Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls
...(1QS vi.2–3). All members of the community were predestined to be “the Sons of Light” in contrast to “the Sons of Darkness,” who were all those who were not members of their sect, even (and especially during the first phase of the community's existence) the ruling priests in Jerusalem. It took at least two years to become a member of the community; during this probationary period the novices, “the Sons of the Dawn” (Words of the Sage to the Sons of Dawn 4Q298), were instructed by a maskil (“master”) and eventually examined by the “examiner” ( mevaqqer )...
Revelation Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls
...to be such a recipient and dispenser of revelation. The reason for this hymn of thanksgiving is the fact that the Lord has brightened his face with his covenant, has enlightened him like the perfect dawn (1QH a xii.1–6 [iv.1–5]) and has made known to him ( yd῾ ) the wondrous divine mysteries (1QH a xii.27 [iv.26]). The author, in turn, has enlightened the face of the many (1QH a xii.27 [iv.26]) and poured the drink of knowledge (1QH a xii.11 [iv.10]). The content of revelation is, first of all, the interpretation of the Torah. God has engraved the Torah...
Apocalyptic Texts Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls
...of the throne vision in 1 Enoch 14–15 and, in turn, informs the vision about the “Son of Man” in 1 Enoch 46–48. The vision in Daniel 10–12 , which recounts the course of history inscribed in the heavenly “book of truth,” is presented as a kind of prophetic commissioning that is to be recorded in a written document to be revealed in the end time (12.9; cf. 1 En. 14–15). Like 1 Enoch, Daniel has sapiential features. Its heroes are sages, skilled in dream interpretation, and their latter-day counterparts are “the wise” (Heb., maskilim ). Daniel also...
