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William James

Subject: Philosophy

(1842–1910) American psychologist and philosopher. James was born into a wealthy New York family, and surrounded from an early age by a humanitarian, literary, and scholarly ...

James, William

James, William (1842–1910)   Quick reference

World Encyclopedia

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2004
Subject:
Encyclopedias
Length:
63 words

..., William ( 1842–1910 ) US philosopher and psychologist , elder brother of Henry James . He held that the feeling of emotion is based on the sensation of a state of the body; the bodily state comes first and the emotion follows. As a philosopher, he influenced pragmatism . His most famous works are The Principles of Psychology ( 1890 ) and Varieties of Religious Experience ( 1902...

James, William

James, William (1842–1910)   Quick reference

A Dictionary of Sociology (4 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2015
Subject:
Social sciences, Sociology
Length:
57 words

..., William ( 1842–1910 ) An American philosopher of the pragmatist school , and brother of the novelist Henry James . Notable mainly for his unusual accomplishment in significantly influencing the development both of neo-positivism and symbolic interactionism , via his view that the empirical consequences of an idea constitute its meaning. See also peirce ; pragmatism (philosophy of)...

James, William

James, William (1842–1910)   Quick reference

A Dictionary of Writers and their Works (3 ed.)

..., William ( 1842–1910 ) American philosopher The Principles of Psychology ( 1890 ) Non-Fiction The Varieties of Religious Experience ( 1902 ) Non-Fiction Pragmatism ( 1907 ) Non-Fiction The Meaning of Truth ( 1909 ) Non-Fiction A Pluralistic Universe ( 1909 ) ...

James, William

James, William (1842–1910)   Reference library

Gordon Campbell

The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (4 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2022
Subject:
Religion
Length:
250 words

... (Chapel Hill, NC, 1981). J. Carrette , William James’s Hidden Religious Imagination (New York, 2013). C. Taylor , Varieties of Religion Today: William James Revisited (Cambridge, Mass.,...

James, William

James, William   Reference library

Paul Jerome Croce

The Oxford Companion to United States History

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2004
Subject:
History, Regional and National History
Length:
968 words

...his life and work, William James bridged religion and science as well as nineteenth- and twentieth-century culture. See also Dewey, John ; Evolution, Theory of ; Philosophy ; Science: Revolutionary War to World War I . Ralph Barton Perry , The Thought and Character of William James , 2 vols., 1935. Howard Feinstein , Becoming William James , 1984. Gerald Myers , William James: His Life and Thought , 1986. George Cotkin , William James, Public Philosopher , 1990. Paul Jerome Croce , Science and Religion in the Era of William James , vol. 1, Eclipse of...

James, William

James, William (1842–1910)   Reference library

The Oxford Companion to English Literature (7 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2009
Subject:
Literature
Length:
170 words

..., William ( 1842–1910 ) American philosopher , born in New York, the elder brother of Henry James . He was at first a student of art and then a teacher of physiology, but turned his attention to psychology. He pioneered the study of psychology at Harvard University and numbered among his students W. E. Du Bois and Gertrude Stein . His views are embodied in his Principles of Psychology ( 1890 ), where he coined the expression stream of consciousness , now widely used as a literary term. He opposed philosophical idealism, preferring empiricism,...

James, William

James, William (1842–1910)   Reference library

Dictionary of the Social Sciences

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2002
Subject:
Social sciences
Length:
429 words

...of controversy at the time. Nonetheless, James had a strong interest in the belief in truth , which he accorded enormous power. In The Will to Believe ( 1897 ), James showed himself to be a defender of religion—not for its access to higher truths but, characteristically, for the intensity of human experience that it fostered. James undertook to present the vast diversity of these forms of belief in The Varieties of Religious Experience ( 1902 ). James came from an exceptional family: his father, William James Sr. , was a prominent religious philosopher;...

James, William

James, William (1842–1910)   Quick reference

The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (4 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2013
Subject:
Literature
Length:
128 words

..., William ( 1842–1910 ) American philosopher , the elder brother of Henry James . He pioneered the study of psychology at Harvard University and numbered among his students W. E. Du Bois and Gertrude Stein . His views are embodied in his Principles of Psychology ( 1890 ), where he coined the expression stream of consciousness . He opposed philosophical idealism, preferring empiricism, and took a pluralistic approach to the world, as demonstrated in Varieties of Religious Experience ( 1902 ) and A Pluralistic Universe ( 1909 ). His 1896 essay...

James, William

James, William   Reference library

The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Peace

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2010
Subject:
Social sciences
Length:
909 words

...George . William James, Public Philosopher (New Studies in American Intellectual and Cultural History) . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990. [Presents James’s life and thought in his social and intellectual context, showing how he engaged the public issues of his day, including war.] McDermott, John J ., ed. The Writings of William James: A Comprehensive Edition . New York: Random House, 1967. [This representative collection of James’s work includes a fine introduction to his thought by McDermott and an annotated bibliography of James’s...

James, William

James, William (1842–1910)   Reference library

The Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2010
Subject:
Religion, Social sciences
Length:
772 words

...Volume One: Eclipse of Certainty, 1820–1880 . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. Gerald Myers . William James: His Life and Thought . New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986. Ralph Barton Perry . The Thought and Character of William James . 2 vols. Boston: Little Brown, 1935. Simon, Linda . Genuine Reality: A Life of William James . New York: Harcourt Brace, 1998. Taylor, Eugene . William James on Exceptional Mental States . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996. See also: Ecopsychology ; Perennial Philosophy ; Swedenborg,...

James, William

James, William (1842–1910)   Reference library

Paul Jerome Croce

The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Cultural and Intellectual History

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2013

...Croce, Paul Jerome . Science and Religion in the Era of William James . vol. 1, Eclipse of Certainty . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. Feinstein, Howard . Becoming William James . Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1984. Myers, Gerald . William James: His Life and Thought . New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1986. Perry, Ralph Barton . The Thought and Character of William James , 2 vols. Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1935. Taylor, Eugene . William James on Exceptional Mental States . New York: Charles Scribner's...

James, William

James, William (1842–1910)   Reference library

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2003
Subject:
Religion
Length:
112 words

..., William ( 1842–1910 ). American scholar whose contribution to the study of religion derives from his refusal to treat physiology, psychology, and philosophy as separate disciplines. What remains a major contribution to the psychology of religion, James's The Varieties of Religious Experience ( 1902 ), also benefited from the fact that he was equipped with ‘religious musicality’. Always tending to be individualistic, The Varieties dwells on personal religious life rather than on institutional or social expressions. He introduced the phrase, ‘stream of...

James, William

James, William (1842–1910)   Quick reference

A Dictionary of Philosophy (3 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2016
Subject:
Philosophy
Length:
512 words

..., William ( 1842–1910 ) American psychologist and philosopher . James was born into a wealthy New York family, and surrounded from an early age by a humanitarian, literary, and scholarly family life (his father was a theologian, and his brother the novelist Henry James ). James had already spent years in Europe and begun an education as an artist, when he entered Harvard medical school in 1863 , and he travelled in Brazil and Europe before he graduated with a medical degree in 1869 . There followed years lecturing both on psychology and philosophy....

James, William

James, William (1842–1910)   Reference library

The Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2010
Subject:
Philosophy
Length:
4,241 words

...Jacques . A Stroll with William James (New York, 1983). Bird, Graham . William James (New York, 1986). Corti, W. R. , ed. The Philosophy of William James (Hamburg, 1976). Cotkin, George . William James, Public Philosopher (Baltimore, 1990). Edie, James . William James and Phenomenology (Bloomington, Ind., 1987). Gale, Richard M. The Divided Self of William James (Cambridge, 1999). Goodman, Russell . Wittgenstein and William James (Cambridge, UK, 2002). Levinson, Henry S. The Religious Investigations of William James (Chapel Hill, N.C.,...

James, William

James, William (1842–1910)   Quick reference

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2014
Subject:
Religion
Length:
70 words

..., William ( 1842–1910 ), Pragmatist philosopher. A professor at Harvard, he held that we have a ‘right to believe in’ the existence of God (because it makes us ‘better off’), but no scientific certainty of the validity of that belief. In The Varieties of Religious Experience ( 1902 ) he drew the now familiar distinction between ‘once-born’ and ‘twice-born’ religious types, and made a scientific analysis of...

James, William

James, William   Reference library

The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2005

...substance, a theory extended by Bertrand Russell in his Analysis of Mind ( 1921 ). James's work as Gifford Lecturer in Natural Religion at Edinburgh in 1901 and 1902 resulted in Varieties of Religious Experience ( 1902 ), his enduringly important account of the psychological character of subjective religious states. F. H. Burkhardt was general editor of The Works of William James (7 volumes, 1975–9 ). R. B. Perry's The Thought and Character of William James appeared in two volumes in 1935...

James, William

James, William   Reference library

The Oxford Companion to Medicine (3 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2006
Subject:
Medicine and health
Length:
202 words

..., William ( 1842–1910 ). American psychologist . William James was born in New York, the brother of Henry James the novelist. He started his study of medicine at Harvard, but broke off to explore the Amazon with Louis Agassiz ; subsequently he went to Europe to study with Helmholtz , Virchow , and Bernard . He took his MD from Harvard in 1869 but never practiced. Indeed, his studies seem to have induced a neurosis and he remained at home for some time as a semi-invalid. For just over a year in 1872 he taught physiology at Harvard, but then moved...

James, William

James, William   Reference library

T. L. S. Sprigge

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2005
Subject:
Philosophy
Length:
1,917 words

...aimed to put into satisfactory concepts what James thought could not be adequately conceptualized). Prof. T. L. S. Sprigge A. J. Ayer , The Origins of Pragmatism: Studies in the Philosophy of Charles Sanders Peirce and William James (London, 1968). Part 2 on James. Graham Bird , William James (London, 1986). Marcus Ford , William James's Philosophy: A New Perspective (Amherst, Mass., 1982). Bruce Kuklick , The Rise of American Philosophy (New Haven, Conn., 1977), pt. 3. Gerald Myers , William James: His Life and Thought (New Haven, Conn., 1986)....

James, William

James, William   Reference library

Ian M. L. Hunter

The Oxford Companion to the Mind (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2006
Subject:
Science and technology, Psychology, Philosophy
Length:
1,438 words

...in the 20th century, approached scientifically. It raises many issues that still challenge scientific enquiry. (Published 1987) See also emotion . Ian M. L. Hunter Allen, G. W. (1967). William James: A Biography . James, W. (1890). Principles of Psychology , 2 vols. —— (1907). Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking . Myers, G. E. (2001). William James: His Life and Thought...

James, William

James, William (1842–1910)   Quick reference

The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2021
Subject:
Literature
Length:
841 words

..., William ( 1842–1910 ) , son of Henry James, Sr., was born in New York City and spent his boyhood, with his brother Henry and two other brothers, in private study in Europe and at Newport. In 1860–1 he tested one of his apparent aptitudes by studying painting under W. M. Hunt at Newport, but he abandoned this career to study at Lawrence Scientific School, Harvard (1861–4), and then at Harvard Medical School, which he left to accompany Agassiz on an expedition to collect zoological specimens in Brazil (1865–6). After another year in the Medical School, and...

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