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Adrianople, Treaty of (1829) Quick reference
A Dictionary of World History (3 ed.)
..., Treaty of ( 1829 ) A peace treaty negotiated between Russia and the Ottoman empire. It terminated the war between them ( 1828–29 ) and gave Russia minor territorial gains in Europe, including access to the mouth of the Danube, and substantial gains in the Caucasus. The treaty also confirmed the autonomy of Serbia, promised autonomy for Greece, and guaranteed free passage for merchant ships through the...
Treaty of Adrianople
Battle of Tryavna Pass
Treaty of Sèvres
Treaty of Lausanne
Eleuthérios Venizélos
Russo-Turkish Wars
Chanak crisis
Bulgaria
Adrianople Reference library
Timothy E. Gregory and Nancy Patterson Ševčenko
The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
...498.7–11); both Krum and Symeon managed to seize Adrianople temporarily. In the 11th C. resistance to the Pechenegs was based at Adrianople. Frederick I Barbarossa occupied the city and in 1190 signed there a treaty with Constantinople. Kalojan defeated Baldwin I of Constantinople at Adrianople on 14 Apr. 1205 . In the 13th C. the city changed hands several times, being captured by the armies of Nicaea, Epiros, and Bulgaria. John III Vatatzes established Nicaean rule over Adrianople in 1242–46 . In 1307 the Catalan Grand Company besieged...
Sèvres, Treaty of (1920) Quick reference
A Dictionary of World History (3 ed.)
...Treaty of ( 1920 ) A treaty, part of the Versailles Peace Settlement , signed between the Allies and Turkey, effectively marking the end of the Ottoman empire . Adrianople and most of the hinterland to Constantinople (now Istanbul) passed to Greece; the Bosporus was internationalized and demilitarized; a short-lived independent Armenia was created; Syria became a French mandate; and Britain accepted the mandate for Iraq, Palestine, and Transjordan. The treaty was rejected by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , who secured a redefinition of Turkey’s borders...
Sèvres, Treaty of (10 Aug. 1920) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (6 ed.)
...Sèvres, Treaty of ( 10 Aug. 1920 ) A peace treaty after World War I, negotiated as part of the Paris Peace Conferences and signed between the Allies and the Ottoman Empire . Adrianople (Edirne), Eastern Thrace, and Smyrna (Izmir) were ceded to Greece. Rhodes and the Dodecanese Islands were passed on to Italy. A short-lived independent Republic of Armenia was created, while Kurdistan gained autonomy. The Ottoman Empire lost all of its Arab possessions: Syria became a French League of Nations Mandate , while Iraq, Palestine , and Transjordan (...
Chanak crisis Quick reference
A Dictionary of British History (3 ed.)
...under Mustapha Kemal were unhappy about the loss of territory to Greece under the Sèvres treaty of 1920 . They expelled the Greeks from Smyrna by force in August 1922 and threatened to cross the Dardanelles. Britain feared for the security of the Straits. Lloyd George reinforced British positions in Chanak, thus blocking the Turks. Conflict was averted by an agreement settled on 11 October. Eastern Thrace and Adrianople were returned to Turkey in return for recognition of the neutral zones of the...
Wallachia Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
...the River Danube and the Transylvanian Alps. It is said to have been established ( 1290 ) by Ralph the Black, vassal of the King of Hungary, from whom the region secured temporary independence in 1330 . It gradually came under the domination of the Turks, whose suzerainty was acknowledged in 1417 . Wallachia and Moldavia became Protectorates of Russia under the Treaty of Adrianople ( 1829 ) and by their union formed the state of Romania in 1859 . An important agricultural region, it has been developed industrially since World War 2. Industries:...
Chanak crisis (October 1922) Reference library
Richard A. Smith
The Oxford Companion to British History (2 ed.)
...about the loss of territory to Greece under the Sèvres treaty of 1920 . They expelled the Greeks from Smyrna by force in August 1922 and threatened to cross the Dardanelles. Britain feared for the security of the Straits. Lloyd George reinforced British positions in Chanak, the neutral region on the Asiatic shore of the Dardanelles, thus blocking the Turks. Conflict was averted by an agreement settled on 11 October at Mudania. Eastern Thrace and Adrianople were returned to Turkey in return for recognition of the neutral zones of the Dardanelles....
Adrianople, Battle of Reference library
Alexander Kazhdan
The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
..., Battle of , the scene of a major defeat of the Roman army by the Goths on 9 Aug. 378 . In 376 the Goths, under pressure from the Huns , crossed the Danube, probably in the area of Dorostolon , and were allowed to settle as foederati on Roman territory. Harsh treatment by Roman officials led the Goths to rebel, and some common people from Adrianople joined them. In 377 Valens left Antioch for Constantinople and sought assistance from Gratian , the emperor in the West. Valens led his troops to Adrianople, while Gratian's army was...
Lausanne, Treaty of (24 July 1923) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (6 ed.)
...Lausanne, Treaty of ( 24 July 1923 ) A settlement which replaced the earlier Treaty of Sèvres , after the success of Mustafa Kemal ( Atatürk ) in the Graeco-Turkish War ( 1921–2 ). Greece had to surrender Smyrna (Izmir) and eastern Thrace, including Adrianople (Edirne). Kurdistan lost its autonomy, while Turkey's reconquest of Armenia was confirmed. In return for these gains, Turkey accepted that Palestine and Syria were to be mandated to Britain and France. Italy was confirmed in the Dodecanese and Britain in Cyprus. The Aegean islands except...
Visigoths Quick reference
A Dictionary of World History (3 ed.)
...search of farmland took them to the Danube delta and the western Black Sea by the 3rd century ad . They raided Greece and threatened the eastern Mediterranean but were temporarily repulsed by Claudius II “Gothicus”. Aurelian conceded Dacia and the Danube to them. Competition over land with the migrating Huns drove them south in 376 and they defeated the Roman emperor Valens at Adrianople. A treaty of alliance followed but on the death of Theodosius they ravaged the empire and Rome itself under the leadership of Alaric I . They occupied parts of Gaul and...
Boulgarophygon Reference library
Alexander Kazhdan
The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
...now Baba Eski, near Adrianople, a battlefield where Symeon of Bulgaria routed the Byz. army in 896 . The war against Bulgaria had been stabilized after Symeon 's first successes, thanks to the activity of Nikephoros Phokas and the employment of Hungarian contingents. Then, however, Stylianos Zaoutzes , fearful of Nikephoros 's influence, managed to replace him with Leo Katakalon , who allowed Symeon to defeat the Hungarians with the help of the Pechenegs ; thus when Katakalon met Symeon at Boulgarophygon, the rear of the Bulgarian army was no...
Adrianople, Battle of Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology
...suffered from the sight of one of their chieftains and his horse being crushed by a catapult’s missile. Byzantine losses had been slight, and the Pechenegs faced entrapment between crack units coming from Adrianople and approaching Bulgarian troops. They therefore withdrew, and dispersed in quest of easy pickings across Macedonia and Thrace, even foraging in Constantinople’s suburbs. They operated mainly in dispersed units, however, and were vulnerable to Byzantine ambushes and attrition. They still proved capable, in 1053 , of outmaneuvering a large field...
