Theater Guild Reference library
The Continuum Companion to Twentieth Century Theatre
... Guild New York theatre company known in the 1920s for productions of innovative European dramas and new American plays. An outgrowth of the Washington Square Players , the Guild was founded in 1919 by Lawrence Langner , Philip Moeller and actress Helen Westley . This trio was quickly joined by Therese Helburn , who would become the organization's executive director, banker Maurice Wertheim , and Lee Simonson . Despite the inherent problems in operating ‘by committee’, the Guild remained loyal to its concept of rule by a governing board. The Guild...
Theatre Guild Reference library
The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre (2 ed.)
...'s Oklahoma! , presented under the Guild's auspices at the St James Theatre in 1943 . It staged the same team's Carousel ( 1945 ) and such notable later productions as O'Neill's The Iceman Cometh ( 1946 ); but it never regained its former eminence. The Guild Theatre was taken over by the American National Theatre and Academy in 1950 ; the Guild itself continued for a time to mount new plays, revivals, and musicals within a commercial framework. Two important breakaway organizations were the Group Theatre and the Playwrights' Company. The...
Theatre Guild Reference library
Mark Fearnow
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Theatre and Performance
... Guild American art theatre that emerged from the Washington Square Players in 1918 . The Players were reconstituted as the Guild through the efforts of Lawrence Langner (who maintained his day job as a patent attorney) and so began life with a clean financial slate. Benefiting from the Players' experience the Theatre Guild chose to become fully professional. It made other significant decisions: to produce only full-evening plays ‘which should be great plays’, to lease or build a theatre building accommodating 500–600 persons and thus ‘larger than...
Theatre Guild Reference library
The Companion to Theatre and Performance
... Guild American art theatre that emerged from the *Washington Square Players in 1918 , reconstituted as fully professional through the efforts of Lawrence Langner (who maintained his job as a patent attorney). The Guild choose to produce only important full-evening plays, to lease or build a theatre accommodating 500–600 persons and thus ‘larger than the usual *Little Theatre’, to organize on a subscription basis, and to produce no plays written by its board members. These principles propelled the Guild during the years 1919–1939 to succeed as an...
Theatre Guild, The Reference library
The Oxford Companion to American Literature (6 ed.)
... Guild, The , was founded by former members of the Washington Square Players ( 1918 ). Originally a little-theater group, it specialized in the production of contemporary work, producing most of Shaw 's plays after Heartbreak House ( 1920 ), and O'Neill 's plays after Marco Millions ( 1928 ). It also revived such plays as Jonson 's Volpone. Shrewdness in play selection, skill in production, and ability in financial management permitted the Guild to build its own million-dollar theater ( 1925 ) and thus take itself outside the scope of the...
Theatre Guild, The Reference library
The Oxford Companion to the American Musical
... Guild, The . America's most durable, influential, and prestigious theatre organization, it played an instrumental part in the American theatre and was responsible for some classic Broadway musicals as well. The Guild was founded in 1919 as an outgrowth of the experimental Washington Square Players and was run by a board of actors, directors, and designers who believed in challenging theatre. Lawrence Langner and Theresa Helburn ran the Guild for much of its history and their offerings were highly eclectic. As well as introducing important American...
Theatre Guild, The Reference library
The Oxford Companion to American Theatre (3 ed.)
...Guild existed only on paper, its productions so infrequent that most thought the group was gone. Its last official offering was as co‐producer of the unsuccessful musical State Fair ( 1996 ). In its heyday the Guild was the principal producer of such playwrights as George Bernard Shaw , Eugene O'Neill , Maxwell Anderson , and Robert Sherwood and greatly advanced the careers of such players as Lunt and Fontanne . Its pioneering subscription plan guaranteed audiences in New York and elsewhere the best in modern theatre, and in turn assured the Guild a...
Little Theatre Guild of Great Britain Reference library
The Continuum Companion to Twentieth Century Theatre
...Theatre Guild of Great Britain In the mid-1930s the Crescent Theatre, Birmingham (founded 1923 ), attempted to form an Association of little theatres (that is, non-commercial groups controlling their own buildings). The scheme was aborted by the difficulty of administration. The next attempt was to create a special section within the membership of the British Drama League ( see British Theatre Association ), an idea not altogether welcomed although adopted at a BDL conference in 1938 . The BDL was not well equipped to deal with the specialist problems...
Theatre Guild, The Reference library
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (4 ed.)
... Guild, The Founded in New York in 1919 by Lawrence Langner (b. 30 May 1890, Swansea, Wales, d. 26 December 1962), The Theatre Guild’s intention was to stage non-commercial plays of both American and foreign origin. Other members of the board of directors, who were collectively responsible for administration and production and also for the selection of works to be staged, included Theresa Helburn (b. 1887, New York City, New York, USA, d. 18 August 1959, Weston, Connecticut, USA) and Armina Marshall (b. 11 January 1896, d. 20 July 1991). Langner and...
Theatre Guild
Little Theatre Guild of Great Britain
Popular Culture Quick reference
Charles Phythian-Adams
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...semi‐magical charms, and the tangible efficacy of saintly relics whether in private ownership or the very dust that lay on the shrine of a saint to which pilgrimage was made and where, nearby, wax replicas of each member to be cured were customarily suspended. Private or guild prayers and offerings to images of locally favoured saints, for their mediation in ensuring future salvation for the individuals concerned or their forebears, were staple parts of worship down to the Reformation (see Oliver Padel , ‘Local Saints and Place‐Names in Cornwall’, in ...
German Family Names Reference library
Edda Gentry
Dictionary of American Family Names (2 ed.)
...farmer and burgher, knight and cleric. The names represent a highly detailed reflection not only of the medieval agrarian economy (with its … system of fiefdoms, tributes, and indentured servitude) but to an even greater extent that of the emerging urban culture (with its trade guilds and the widespread separation of labor between production and distribution). The inventory of family names was further enriched by the large group of the ever-popular personal surnames that were given to a “dear” neighbor because of conspicuous physical or mental traits...
Labour History Quick reference
John L. Halstead
The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (2 ed.)
...organizations. There is no complete modern general history, but see G. D. H. Cole ( 1889–1959 ), A Century of Co‐operation ( 1944 ). Women's cooperation is treated in Jean Gaffin and David Thoms , Caring and Sharing: The Centenary History of the Co‐operative Women's Guild ( 1983 ). The political institutions of labour belong to the late 19th century and beyond. The first to be created were the socialist societies, which joined with the trade unions in the formation of the Labour Representation Committee in 1900 . Family historians may prefer to...
22 The History of the Book in France Reference library
Vincent Giroud
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...censorship and to proclaim the freedom of writing and printing, both included in the Declaration of the Rights of Man of 26 August 1789 . The office of the Librairie and even copyright deposit, seen as a repressive measure, were terminated, along with printers’ and all other guilds. The copyright legislation adopted by the Convention in 1793 (a maximum protection of ten years after the author’s death) advanced many titles into the public domain. The nationalization of church properties (decreed in November 1789 ), the confiscation of works belonging to...
39 The History of the Book in the Indian Subcontinent Reference library
Abhijit Gupta
The Oxford Companion to the Book
...in India was a direct result of court *patronage , and consequently much more opulent. Given the centrality of the Qur’ān to Islam, book arts such as calligraphy and illumination were accorded the highest prestige ( see illuminated ms, muslim ). Outside court circles, guilds of *scribes acted as purveyors of knowledge and information, leading to the creation of a robust public sphere. The coming of print did not immediately precipitate a battle of books. More often than not the printed book took its cue from the MS book, and for a while there was...
Acts Reference library
Loveday Alexander and Loveday Alexander
The Oxford Bible Commentary
...The disturbance (naturally) was not Paul's fault: this time the culprits are a guild of silverworkers who feel that their livelihood is threatened by the success of Paul's mission ( vv. 24–7 ). For the monetary motive, cf. 16:19 ; but on this occasion Paul has incurred the wrath of a powerful guild who are able to draw on a combination of civic pride and religious devotion to one of the most powerful cults in the ancient world ( Trebilco 1994 : 316–38 ). The silversmiths' guild of Ephesus is known from inscriptions; several ancient texts speak of the...
Dramatists Guild
Theater Piece
