Tamworth Manifesto (1834) Quick reference
A Dictionary of World History (3 ed.)
... Manifesto ( 1834 ) The election address of Sir Robert Peel to his constituents at Tamworth, Staffordshire. Peel promised to accept the Whig government’s Reform Act of 1832 . He declared his adherence to a policy of moderate reform, while stressing the need to preserve what was most valuable from Britain’s past. This concept of change, where necessary, within existing institutions marked the shift from the old, repressive Toryism to a new, more enlightened...
Tamworth manifesto (1835) Reference library
J. A. Cannon
The Oxford Companion to British History (2 ed.)
... manifesto , 1835 . Peel ’s manifesto to his constituents is often regarded as the foundation document of modern Conservatism. The Tory Party, badly beaten at the election of 1832 , faced another general election and could hardly campaign on repealing the Great Reform Act, depriving Birmingham, Leeds, and Sheffield of their new representation, and restoring Gatton, Hindon, and Old Sarum. Peel , leading a minority government, explained that he now considered the Reform Act ‘a final and irrevocable settlement, which no friend to peace would attempt to...
Tamworth manifesto Quick reference
A Dictionary of British History (3 ed.)
... manifesto , 1835 . Peel 's manifesto to his constituents is often regarded as the foundation document of modern Conservatism. The Tory Party, badly beaten at the election of 1832 , faced another general election and could hardly campaign on repealing the Great Reform Act, depriving Birmingham, Leeds, and Sheffield of their new representation, and restoring Gatton and Old Sarum. Peel, leading a minority government, explained that he now considered the Reform Act ‘a final and irrevocable settlement’ and that his general policy would be ‘the firm...
Tamworth manifesto
Robert Peel
Conservative Party
Tamworth Reference library
Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable (19 ed.)
... Tamworth Manifesto The manifesto issued to his constituents in 1835 by Sir Robert Peel (prime minister: 1834–5 , 1841–6 ), who was MP for Tamworth, Staffordshire from 1830 until his death in 1850 . Viewed as marking the point of transition from the old tory party and as one of the cornerstones on which the modern conservative party was built, it made a commitment (albeit in decidedly vague terms) to keep the changes of the 1832 Reform Act in place and maintain its spirit. Tamworth Two Two pig siblings of the Tamworth breed whose escape...
Peel, Sir Robert (1788–1850) Quick reference
A Dictionary of World History (3 ed.)
...; 1841–46 ) . During his second term as Home Secretary ( 1828–30 ) Peel established the Metropolitan Police (and gave his name to the nicknames bobby and peeler ). As leader of the new Conservative Party he affirmed his belief in moderate electoral reform in the Tamworth Manifesto ( 1834 ). His repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 , however, split the Conservatives and forced his resignation. In the last years of his career he came to support the Whig policies of free...
Peel, Sir Robert (1788–1850) Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
...) British statesman , prime minister ( 1834–35 , 1841–46 ). As Tory Party home secretary, he created ( 1829 ) the first modern police force, the Metropolitan (London) Police. Peel was chiefly responsible for passage of the Catholic Emancipation Act ( 1829 ). Peel's Tamworth Manifesto ( 1834 ) was a founding text of the Conservative Party . He became converted to the doctrine of free trade , and the Irish famine convinced him of the need to repeal the Corn Laws . The proposal split the Tory Party and Peel resigned. In his second term, he carried...
Peel, Sir Robert (1788–1850) Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...concerns) was accompanied by a deep attachment to the traditional constitution, Church, Crown, and aristocracy. Following the *Reform Act of 1832 Peel attempted to preserve and rejuvenate these institutions by an appeal to the newly enfranchised middle classes. The Tamworth Manifesto of 1834 , outlining his past and future commitment to gradualism, was a landmark in the process by which the Tory party of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century was transformed into the Conservative party. Whilst the party developed a sophisticated and effective...
Croker, John Wilson (1780–1857) Reference library
The Biographical Dictionary of British Economists
...in 1832 . In opposition, he spoke powerfully against the Reform Act, even silencing Macaulay, who then indulged in personal invective against Croker. Croker retaliated later, calling Macaulay’s History of England ( 1849 ) ‘an historical romance’. Croker defended Peel’s Tamworth Manifesto ( 1834 ) and supported Peel’s second administration. In December 1842 , Peel approved an article of Croker’s that was hostile to the repeal of the Corn Laws: Croker’s anti-repeal essays were inspired by Peel and Sir James graham . By 1845 , it had become clear that...
Conservative Party Quick reference
Lincoln Allison
A Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics and International Relations (4 ed.)
...Tories become (also) Conservatives, the name being used in the debate about electoral change which culminated in the Reform Act of 1832 . ‘Conservative’ was accepted as a self‐description by one of the most prominent Tories, Sir Robert Peel, in the statement known as the Tamworth Manifesto in 1834 . The reform debate also brought into being the first real extraparliamentary Conservative institution, the Carlton Club, which was founded in 1831 . The second Reform Act of 1867 , which doubled the electorate, proved the stimulus for the creation of a national,...
Toryism Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...in the postwar career of William *Cobbett , but the label is more usually applied to Richard Oastler ( 1789–1861 ). Despite these tensions, the parliamentary party thrived under the leadership of Sir Robert *Peel in the latter part of the 1830s; after the issue of the Tamworth Manifesto in 1834 espousing gradualist change the party was increasingly referred to as the ‘Conservative party’. Having come into office in 1841 with a large majority the party was damaged irreparably by Peel's decision in 1845 to repeal the *corn laws . After 1832 Peel...
Conservative Party ((Britain)) Quick reference
A Dictionary of World History (3 ed.)
...party in Britain. In 1830 it was suggested in the Quarterly Review , a Tory journal, that a better name for the old Tory Party might be Conservative since the Party stood for the preservation of existing institutions. The idea was favoured by Sir Robert Peel , whose Tamworth Manifesto , which set out a programme of reforming Conservatism, brought him briefly to the premiership in 1834–35 . Although Peel was re-elected in 1841 , his conversion to free trade in 1846 split the Party. Peel’s followers after a time joined the Liberals. The majority of...
Peel, Sir Robert (1788–1850) Reference library
Norman McCord
The Oxford Companion to British History (2 ed.)
...Tories towards the Whigs. Peel began to establish a national reputation for moderation, exemplified by his Tamworth manifesto , in which he accepted the Reform Act and committed his Conservative Party to a policy of cautious reform, while pledging to conserve all vital national interests. This was a successful ploy, although its vagueness held the seeds of future trouble since it was easy to disagree as to what vital national interests were. The manifesto was issued for the general election after William IV dismissed his Whig ministers late in 1834 . Peel...
Conservative Party Reference library
Bruce Coleman and Robert Crowcroft
The Oxford Companion to British History (2 ed.)
...the newly named Conservative Party set itself to limit further damage to established institutions. The Carlton Club , founded in 1832 and moved to Pall Mall in 1835 , symbolized this development. Wellington and Peel were the recognized leaders, though the latter’s ‘Tamworth manifesto’ of December 1834 , a statement of political strategy, was not a party document. The party operated within the framework of the parliamentary constitution and its organization helped to fill the gap left by the decline of the crown’s influence in the ‘making’ of a House...
Conservatives, British Reference library
Frank McDonough
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World
...were reduced to only 180 Members of Parliament. Conservatism. During the 1830s it was clear that the old die-hard Tory Party needed a more modern image in keeping with the new rise of the industrialists and business interests in the growing urban areas. In his famous “Tamworth Manifesto” ( 1834 ), Sir Robert Peel attempted to alter the image of the Tories, who opposed reform, into the Conservatives, who wanted social stability but were willing to support reforms that were in “the national interest.” Peel was successful in winning new electoral support...
Central Government in English Common Law Reference library
The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History
...country members of Parliament and the judicious employment of Crown “influence” (patronage) to manage the more ambitious. Only with rationalization of the parliamentary franchise in 1832 did the modern political parties fully coalesce. ( Sir Robert Peel's manifesto to the electors of Tamworth in 1834 is a landmark in development of the electoral mandate.) With party organization came constraints on the monarch's choice of government, effectively limited to the leadership of the party with a majority in the House of Commons. The convention evolved that...
Parliament Reference library
The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History
...in a parliament whose political composition differs from the absolute proportions of votes cast across the country as a whole. Smaller parties are disproportionately penalized and the largest party disproportionately rewarded. Modern parties emerged after 1832 . The Tamworth Manifesto of 1834 was a seminal document that led to the convention that the party with a majority in the House of Commons forms the government, for the government must enjoy the confidence of the House, not just of the monarch. In an era of organized and clearly divided parties,...
