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Frumentius, St (300–c.380) Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (4 ed.)
..., St ( c . 300– c .380 ) ‘Apostle of the Ethiopians’. Acc. to Rufinus ( HE 1.9f.), Aedesius and Frumentius were the two young companions of a Tyrian merchant, Meropius. After all three were captured by ‘barbarians’ on the way back from a voyage to ‘India’, Meropius was executed, but the other two, who were both Christians, were taken before their captors’ king, whom they later assisted in the government of his country. Frumentius took advantage of the opportunity to carry on mission work, and on reporting the fruits of his work at Alexandria , he...
Frumentius, St (c.300–c.380) Quick reference
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3 ed.)
..., St ( c. 300– c. 380 ), ‘Apostle of the Ethiopians’. According to Rufinus , he was captured by ‘barbarians’ on his way back from ‘India’, taken before his captors' king, and helped in governing the country. He engaged in missionary work and was consecrated Bp. of Axum by St Athanasius . Feast day among the Greeks, 30 Nov.; among the Copts , 18 Dec.; in the W., 27...
St Frumentius
Axum
Ethiopian Church
Ezana Quick reference
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3 ed.)
...The date of his conversion is uncertain (traditionally 333), since the evidence from the literary sources, coins, and inscriptions is unclear. Rufinus and later chroniclers record that St Frumentius visited Axum, became a bishop, and exercised influence in the country. In 356/7 the Emp. Constantius II addressed a letter to ‘Ezanas’ about Frumentius. Ezana’s inscriptions indicate that he extended his kingdom beyond the Red...
Ethiopian Church Quick reference
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3 ed.)
...Church , one of the Oriental Orthodox Churches . Christianity was introduced into Ethiopia in the 4th cent. by St Frumentius (q.v.) and Edesius of Tyre, and in the early 6th cent. the kingdom of Axum in N. Ethiopia became an important Christian power. The advent of Islam led to the decline of the Ethiopian kingdom from the 7th cent. and to its isolation from the rest of the Christian world. After the restoration of the Solomonic dynasty (claiming descent from the Queen of Sheba and Solomon ) in 1270 , the Church was revitalized by the reforms...
Ethiopian Orthodox Church Reference library
Encyclopedia of Africa
...Ethiopian Orthodox Chruch is the archbishop, or abuna (Arabic for “our father”). Until 1951 , the patriarch of Alexandria, Egypt , appointed the abuna, following a tradition extending back to Saint Frumentius. According to that tradition, Frumentius went to Alexandria to ask the patriarch to send a bishop to Ethiopia, upon which the patriarch made Frumentius the first abuna. A new method of choosing the abuna came into use in 1951 . In theory, the Ethiopian clergy now select the abuna, but in reality successive Ethiopian governments have influenced the...
Apostle Reference library
Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable (19 ed.)
... St Frumentius ( c. 300– c. 360 ad ) Alps: Felix Neff ( 1798–1829 ) American Indians: Bartolomé de Las Casas ( 1474–1566 ); John Eliot ( 1604–90 ) Andalusia: Juan de Avila ( 1500–69 ) Ardennes: St hubert ( d.727 ) Armenians: Gregory the Illuminator ( c. 257– c. 331 ad ) Brazil: José de Anchieta, Jesuit missionary ( 1533–97 ) East Indies: St Francis Xavier ( 1506–52 ) English: St augustine ( d.604 ); St george ( d. c. 300 ad ) Free Trade: Richard Cobden ( 1804–65 ) French: St Denis (? 3rd century ad ) Frisians: St Willibrod ...
Aksum Reference library
David Phillipson
The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
... in ivory and other commodities; issue of Aksumite coinage began, and the terrace noted above was extended in the 3rd and 4th centuries to accommodate burials of unprecedented magnificence, presumably those of kings. In the mid-4th century, largely through the efforts of Frumentius , Christianity was adopted as the official religion of Aksum but only later spread through the kingdom’s population beyond the capital. Aksum’s extent and population are difficult to estimate since the settlement was not walled or otherwise demarcated; they probably exceeded...
Ezana of Aksum ((Ezanas; fl. mid-fourth century CE)) Reference library
hahn wolfgang
Dictionary of African Biography
...a copy of a letter, probably written in 356 by the Roman emperor Constantius II and addressed to Ezana and his co-regent, on the subject of missionary policies. All other literary sources—including the details of the report on Ethiopia’s conversion to Christianity by Frumentius, an emissary of St. Athanasius, the patriarch of Alexandria, in Rufinus’ Church History (written c. 402)—are legendary, as is the tradition of the Ethiopian church based on this story. Ezana’s place within the sequence of Aksumite kings, most of which are known only from coins, can be...
Ethiopia Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages
...years. Axum was the cradle of the Ethiopian nation, probably the outcome of a federation of Cushite and Semitic tribes. There, in this venerable capital, in the 4th century AD the Emperor Ezana embraced Christianity, after the welcome at court of a young shipwrecked Syrian, Frumentius, who was to become the country's first bishop . In the following century, monks from Antioch carried out the definitive conversion of the people, at the same time introducing the Axumite Empire to monophysitism, which was to keep the Church of Ethiopia under the tutelage...
Christianity in Africa Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of African Thought
...sometime after the emergence of Christianity in Egypt, facilitated in no small measure by the ancient trade links via the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. Between 330 and 350 c.e. King Ezana of Aksum, through the instrumentality of two Syrian members of the Alexandria church, Frumentius and Aedisius, who had earlier been shipwrecked in what is now Ethiopia, converted to Christianity. Aksumite coins of the early fourth century document this acceptance of Christianity in the form of Christian images on the coinage. Ezana’s conversion fostered the spread of...
Documentary Sources and Methods for Precolonial African History Reference library
Christina Mobley
The Oxford Encyclopedia of African Historiography: Methods and Sources
...importance of Aksum, which by the middle of the 1st millennium had expanded eastward to the Red Sea and across to the Arabian coast, becoming a central intermediary in long-distance trade and the main East African trading partner of the Roman and Byzantine empires. 92 These sources suggest it was Aksum’s important role in regional trade that brought about the initial introduction of Christianity. The story, related in Rufinus’s church history, is that two shipwrecked Syrian Christians, Frumentius and Aedisius, converted Ezana to Christianity. Whether...
Ethiopia: c. 4.4 million years ago - 1998
...The rulers of Aksum, the first Ethiopian kingdom, claim descent from Solomon and the Queen of Sheba Aksum A Dictionary of World History 2 6th century BCE 5th century BCE Politics Dynasties and royalty Africa East Africa c. 350 350 Frumentius, brought to Ethiopia as a slave, becomes the kingdom's first Christian bishop Frumentius, St ( c. 300– c. 380) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2 rev 4th century Religion Christianity Africa East Africa 1329 1329 A friar, who has failed to find Prester John in the east, publishes a book proving that the...
4th century: c. 300 - c. 400
...c. 350 350 Frumentius, brought to Ethiopia as a slave, becomes the kingdom's first Christian bishop Frumentius, St ( c. 300– c. 380) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2 rev Religion Christianity Africa East Africa Ethiopia c. 350 350 Greece begins to find a new and influential role in a Christian context, through the Byzantine empire Constantinople The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2 rev Roman empire Byzantine empire Politics Religion Christianity Catholic and orthodox Europe Greece Empires 360 360 St Martin founds...
Christianity: c. 6 BCE - 2006
...c. 350 350 Frumentius, brought to Ethiopia as a slave, becomes the kingdom's first Christian bishop Frumentius, St ( c. 300– c. 380) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2 rev 4th century Religion Africa East Africa Ethiopia c. 350 350 Greece begins to find a new and influential role in a Christian context, through the Byzantine empire Constantinople The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2 rev 4th century Roman empire Byzantine empire Politics Religion Catholic and orthodox Europe Greece Empires 360 360 St Martin founds the...
Religion: c. 4000 BCE - 2005
...c. 350 350 Frumentius, brought to Ethiopia as a slave, becomes the kingdom's first Christian bishop Frumentius, St ( c. 300– c. 380) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2 rev 4th century Christianity Africa East Africa Ethiopia c. 350 350 Greece begins to find a new and influential role in a Christian context, through the Byzantine empire Constantinople The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2 rev 4th century Roman empire Byzantine empire Politics Christianity Catholic and orthodox Europe Greece Empires 360 360 St Martin founds...
East Africa: c. 15 million years ago - 2011
...BCE The rulers of Aksum, the first Ethiopian kingdom, claim descent from Solomon and the Queen of Sheba Aksum A Dictionary of World History 2 6th century BCE 5th century BCE Politics Dynasties and royalty Africa Ethiopia c. 350 350 Frumentius, brought to Ethiopia as a slave, becomes the kingdom's first Christian bishop Frumentius, St ( c. 300– c. 380) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2 rev 4th century Religion Christianity Africa Ethiopia c. 543 543 Christianity reaches the kingdom of Dongola, in present-day Sudan Nubia, Christianity in The...
Africa: c. 15 million years ago - 2011
...North Africa Egypt c. 350 350 The Cushite dynasty fades away in Nubia, after lasting for 1000 years or more Nubians A Dictionary of World History 2 4th century Politics Dynasties and royalty North Africa Egypt c. 350 350 Frumentius, brought to Ethiopia as a slave, becomes the kingdom's first Christian bishop Frumentius, St ( c. 300– c. 380) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2 rev 4th century Religion Christianity East Africa Ethiopia 367 367 A document is distributed by the bishop of Alexandria, formally establishing the contents...
