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St. Bernard Reference library
Dictionary of American Family Names (2 ed.)
.... Bernard US frequency (2010): 324 West Indian (Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada): nickname with the prefix St . ‘saint’ as an (ironic) attachment to the personal name or surname Bernard...
St Bernard Quick reference
Mike Allaby
Dictionary Plus Science and Technology
... Bernard A breed of very large domesticated dogs, weighing an average of 90 kg but often more. They were originally from Switzerland, France, and Italy, where they were developed for guarding and herding livestock, hauling loads, and for search and rescue, from which they earned their reputation, the breed name coming from two hospices on the two St Bernard Passes in the Alps. They are renowned for being calm and gentle, provided that they are well trained and socialized. Mike...
Bernard, St (1090–1153) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Philosophy (3 ed.)
..., St ( 1090–1153 ) The founder of the abbey of Clairvaux in France, and the major force behind the Cistercian order, Bernard is remembered in philosophy principally for his opposition to Abelard , although he also wrote De Gratia et Libro Arbitrio (‘Of Grace and Free Will’) which links him with Augustine . His mystical and unanalytic approach to problems of faith is remembered in his title of Doctor Mellifluus (‘the sweet-sounding...
St Bernard Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
... Bernard Swiss mountain and rescue dog with excellent scenting abilities; from the 17th century it has been used to find people lost in deep snow. It has a massive head with a short deep muzzle, and a dense white and red coat. Height: to 74cm (29in) at the shoulder; weight: to 77kg...
Bernard, St (1090–1153) Reference library
The Oxford Companion to English Literature (7 ed.)
..., St ( 1090–1153 ) Abbot of the Cistercian foundation of Clairvaux at the age of 24 and developer of the Augustinian contemplative theological tradition with its emphasis on Faith rather than Reason. He was one of the foremost figures of the 12th‐century monastic Reformation. He preached the Second Crusade, and opposed the dialectical theological method of Abelard , which he had condemned at Soissons and Sens. The characteristic quality of his thought was a lively and personal mysticism; he developed and preached ‘the Cistercian Programme’, a progression...
Bernard, St (1090–1153) Reference library
Becket Soule
The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (4 ed.)
... Bernard of Clairvaux: Studies Presented to Dom Jean Leclercq (CS 23; Washington, DC, 1973). B. P. McGuire , The Difficult Saint: Bernard of Clairvaux and his Tradition (CS 126; Kalamazoo, Mich., 1991). J. R. Sommerfeldt (ed.), Bernardus Magister: Papers Presented at the Nonacentenary Celebration of the Birth of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, Kalamazoo, Michigan … 10–13 May 1990 (Kalamazoo, Mich., and Cîteaux, 1992). G. R. Evans , Bernard of Clairvaux (Great Medieval Thinkers, New York and Oxford, 2000). J. France , Medieval Images of St Bernard...
Bernard, St (1090–1153) Quick reference
The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (4 ed.)
..., St ( 1090–1153 ) Abbot of the Cistercian foundation of Clairvaux at the age of 24 and one of the foremost figures of the 12th‐century monastic Reformation. He preached the Second Crusade, and opposed the dialectical theological method of Abelard . The characteristic quality of his thought was a lively and personal mysticism; he developed and preached ‘the Cistercian Programme’, a progression from carnal to spiritual love which, in its literary application, became one of the most important elements of medieval poetry from the troubadours to Dante . ...
Bernard, St (1090–1153) Quick reference
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3 ed.)
..., St ( 1090–1153 ), Abbot of Clairvaux . In 1112 he entered the monastery of Cîteaux and three years later was sent to establish a new house at Clairvaux . He came to exercise an immense influence in ecclesiastical and political affairs. In 1129 at the Synod of Troyes he obtained recognition for the Rule of the Templars , which he is said to have drawn up. In the disputed Papal election in 1130 , he secured the victory of Innocent II ; his relation with the Papacy became even closer with the election of a Cistercian monk and former pupil as...
Bernard of Clairvaux, St (1090–1153) Quick reference
A Dictionary of World History (3 ed.)
... of Clairvaux, St ( 1090–1153 ) French theologian and abbot . He was the first abbot of Clairvaux in France; his monastery there became one of the chief centres of the Cistercian order. He was noted for his asceticism, severity, and eloquence; his preaching at the council of Vézelay in 1146 instigated the Second Crusade; he had the French theologian Peter Abelard condemned for heresy....
Bernard of Clairvaux, St (1090–1153) Reference library
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
... of Clairvaux, St ( 1090–1153 ). Christian monastic reformer and mystical writer. He joined the Cistercian monastery at Citeaux in c. 1111 , and established at Clairvaux in 1115 a daughter house in which he insisted on rigorous observance and discipline. He combined an emphasis on the love and mercy of God with vehement controversy on this earth. He was officially charged with preaching the Second Crusade . He was canonized in 1174 and proclaimed Doctor of the Church in 1830 . Feast day, 20 Aug. Bernard's understanding of spiritual life is ...
St Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153) Quick reference
Oxford Essential Quotations (6 ed.)
...0StofClairvaux St Bernard of Clairvaux 1090 – 1153 French theologian , monastic reformer, and abbot . See also Caswall You will find something more in woods than in books. Trees and stones will teach you that which you can never learn from masters. Epistles no. 106; see Shakespeare , Wordsworth more in woods than books trees and stones will teach Trees and stones will...
St Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153) Reference library
Oxford Dictionary of Quotations (8 ed.)
...02St0of0Clairvaux St Bernard of Clairvaux 1090 – 1153 French theologian , monastic reformer, and abbot . See also caswall You will find something more in woods than in books. Trees and stones will teach you that which you can never learn from masters. Epistles no. 106; see shakespeare , wordsworth more in woods than books trees and stones will teach stones will teach you I am a kind of chimaera of my age, neither cleric nor layman. Epistles no. 250 chimaera of my age neither cleric nor layman neither cleric nor layman Liberavi animam...
Bernard, St , abbot of Clairvaux (1090–1153) Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages
..., St , abbot of Clairvaux ( 1090–1153 ) Born in Fontaines-lès-Dijon, the son of Tescelin le Saur and Aleth de Montbard , both members of the Burgundian *nobility . Bernard entered the *Cistercian abbey of *Cîteaux in 1112 , but left there in 1115 to establish the *monastery of *Clairvaux . He was *canonized in 1174 , and made a *doctor of the church in 1830 . Bernard ’s influence in both religious and political spheres during his lifetime was immense, in spite of his monk’s desire to be removed from worldly matters. His defence of...
Freyberg, Bernard Cyril, 1st Baron (1889–1963) Quick reference
A Dictionary of World History (3 ed.)
...Bernard Cyril, 1st Baron ( 1889–1963 ) New Zealand general . A professional soldier, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the New Zealand Expeditionary Forces ( November 1939 ). He commanded the unsuccessful Commonwealth expedition to Greece and Crete ( June 1941 ). He took an active part in the North African and Italian campaigns, where his New Zealand Division greatly distinguished itself, although suffering heavy losses. From 1945 until 1952 he was governor-general of New Zealand....
Montgomery, Bernard Law, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein (1887–1976) Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
...Bernard Law, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein 1887–1976 British general . As commander of the British 8th Army in World War 2, he defeated Rommel and the Afrika Korps at El Alamein ( 1942 ). He led the invasion of Sicily and Italy. ‘Monty’ helped to plan the Normandy landings ( 1944 ), and, under the overall command of General Eisenhower , led the Allies in the initial stages. He was Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, Europe ( 1951–58...
Montgomery, Bernard Law, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein Quick reference
A Dictionary of World History (3 ed.)
...Bernard Law, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein (known as ‘Monty’) ( 1887–1976 ) British Field Marshal . In 1942 he commanded the 8th Army in the Western Desert, where his victory at El Alamein proved the first significant Allied success in World War II. He was later given command of the Allied ground forces in the invasion of Normandy in 1944 and accepted the German surrender on 7 May 1945 ....
Freyberg, Sir Bernard Cyril, 1st Baron (21 Mar. 1889) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (6 ed.)
...Freyberg, Sir Bernard Cyril, 1st Baron (b. Richmond, Surrey , 21 Mar. 1889 ; d. Windsor , 4 July 1963 ) New Zealand general Born near London, his parents moved to New Zealand in 1891 . He returned to London to volunteer for service in World War I, in which he was wounded nine times, and was awarded several medals for bravery, including the Victoria Cross. He remained a professional soldier in the British army, but in 1939 took over command of the New Zealand Division in the Middle East. He was briefly Commander‐in‐Chief of the abortive Allied...
Montgomery, Bernard Law, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein (17 Nov. 1887) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (6 ed.)
...Montgomery, Bernard Law, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein (b. London , 17 Nov. 1887 ; d. Alton, Hampshire , 23 Mar. 1976 ) British field marshal Born in London, but brought up in Tasmania until 1901 , he attended St Paul's School (London), and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He joined the Royal Warwickshire Regiment in 1908 , and served in India, before seeing action in Belgium and France during World War I . He became a staff officer in the 1920s, and trained soldiers until he was posted to India and Palestine in the 1930s. At the...
Montgomery, FM Sir Bernard Law, 1st Viscount (1887–1976) Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Military History
...FM Sir Bernard Law, 1st Viscount ( 1887–1976 ). A bishop's son, Montgomery was educated at St Paul's School and Sandhurst, where he was demoted for setting a fellow cadet on fire, burning him badly. Commissioned into the Royal Warwicks, for he had not passed out high enough to join the cheaper Indian army, Montgomery was wounded in 1914 . He finished WW I a lieutenant colonel, having spent some instructive time on the staff of one of Plumer 's corps. His wife's early death impelled him more deeply into his profession, and in the fall of France ...
Montgomery of Alamein, Bernard Law, 1st Viscount (1887–1970) Quick reference
Who's Who in the Twentieth Century
...of Alamein, Bernard Law, 1st Viscount ( 1887–1970 ) British field-marshal who commanded Allied ground forces during the liberation of France in World War II but who is perhaps best known for his victory over Rommel 's Afrika Korps at El Alamein in 1942 . He was created a viscount in 1946 . A bishop's son, Montgomery was educated at St Paul's School before entering the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He joined the Royal Warwickshire regiment and while a platoon leader in World War I, was wounded; after various staff postings he became a...
