Spanish Civil War (1936–39) Quick reference
A Dictionary of World History (3 ed.)
... Civil War ( 1936–39 ) A military struggle between left- and right-wing elements in Spain. After the fall of Primo de Rivera in 1930 and the eclipse of the Spanish monarchy in 1931 , Spain was split. On the one hand were such politically powerful groups as the monarchists and the Falange , on the other were the Republicans, the Catalan and Basque separatists, socialists, communists, and anarchists. The elections of February 1936 gave power to a left-wing Popular Front government, causing strikes, riots, and military plots. In July 1936 the...
Spanish Civil War Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World (2 ed.)
...allies on continuing the war effort was futile. On 28 March , the nationalist army entered the capital. The civil war between the two Spains, in which hundreds of thousands of Spaniards lost their lives, ended with Madrid's surrender. Viewed from the perspective of today's new and vigorous Spanish democracy, the lesson of the Civil War is that a liberal democracy can hardly survive if it is not sustained by an advanced social structure and a broad bourgeois center. Spanish democracy in the 1930s degenerated into civil war because of its incapacity to...
Civil War, Spanish (1936–39) Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
... War, Spanish ( 1936–39 ) Conflict developing from a military rising against the republican government in Spain. The revolt began in Spanish Morocco, led by General Franco . It was supported by conservatives and reactionaries, collectively known as the Nationalists and including the fascist Falange . The leftist Popular Front government was supported by republicans, socialists and various poorly co-ordinated leftist groups, collectively known as Loyalists or Republicans. The Nationalists swiftly gained control of most of rural w Spain, but not the...
Spanish Civil War Reference library
Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World
...Payne, Stanley G. The Spanish Civil War, the Soviet Union, and Communism . New Haven, Conn., and London: Yale University Press, 2004. Judicious and up-to-date treatment of the Communist role. Preston, Paul . The Spanish Civil War 1936–39 . Chicago: Dorsey Press, 1986. A brief political/diplomatic history sympathetic to the Left. Seidman, Michael . Republic of Egos: A Social History of the Spanish Civil War . Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2002. A social/economic treatment of the conflict. Thomas, Hugh . The Spanish Civil War . New York; Harper,...
Spanish Civil War (1936–9) Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Irish History (2 ed.)
... Civil War ( 1936–9 ), arising from a military revolt led by General Francisco Franco against the centre‐left Popular Front government of the Spanish republic. The struggle in Spain divided Irish political life, causing tensions between political parties and inducing Irishmen to fight on both sides. Perceived to be part of a worldwide struggle between communism and Catholicism, the nationalist side under Franco was supported by the Catholic bishops and by most of the Irish press and political parties. However, despite much public pressure to recognize...
Spanish Civil War (1936–9) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (5 ed.)
...Spanish Civil War ( 1936–9 ) Outbreak (1936) The first ‘modern’ civil war in Europe, an all-out confrontation involving the extensive use of an air force, naval power, and mechanized armed units. It began on 18 July 1936 as an attempted army coup led by Franco involving Spanish elite forces in Morocco, in order to topple the anticlerical , anti-landowning Popular Front government. By 21 July 1936 , Franco was in control of Morocco, the Balearic Islands, the conservative and firmly Roman Catholic Navarre, Old Castile, Leon, and the cities of Seville...
Spanish civil war (1936–9) Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Military History
...Catalonia collapsed early the following year. The Republican rump, torn by another internal civil war, fell to Nationalist advances from all sides in March. The Nationalists had about 600,000 under arms to the Republicans' 450,000. They lost 110,000 and 175,000 respectively in battle, but 80,000 Nationalist sympathizers were caught on the wrong side of the lines and executed, while 40,000 Republicans were also executed during and after the war. The Spanish civil war , 1936–9, and (inset) operations around the Madrid salient. Hugh...
Spanish Civil War Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Australian History
...supporters of the Spanish republic, Catholic supporters of Franco, and isolationists. While the Catholic Church was most forthright in support of the rebels, Australian communists led the defence of the republic. Broader organisations such as the Movement Against War and Fascism and the Spanish Relief Committee raised funds and publicised the democratic cause. Nettie Palmer and Len Fox published an account of Australians in Spain in 1938 , and Amirah Inglis wrote the fullest history of Australians in the Spanish Civil War (1987) . Inglis ...
Spanish Civil War Reference library
Shlomo Ben-Ami
The Oxford Companion to Comparative Politics
...allies on continuing the war effort was futile. On 28 March, the nationalist army entered the capital. The civil war between the two Spains, in which hundreds of thousands of Spaniards lost their lives, ended with Madrid's surrender. Viewed from the perspective of today's new and vigorous Spanish democracy, the lesson of the Civil War is that a liberal democracy can hardly survive if it is not sustained by an advanced social structure and a broad bourgeois center. Spanish democracy in the 1930s degenerated into civil war because of its incapacity to...
Spanish Civil War Reference library
Shlomo Ben-Ami
The Oxford Companion to International Relations
...allies on continuing the war effort was futile. On 28 March, the nationalist army entered the capital. The civil war between the two Spains, in which hundreds of thousands of Spaniards lost their lives, ended with Madrid's surrender. Viewed from the perspective of today's new and vigorous Spanish democracy, the lesson of the Civil War is that a liberal democracy can hardly survive if it is not sustained by an advanced social structure and a broad bourgeois center. Spanish democracy in the 1930s degenerated into civil war because of its incapacity to...
Spanish Civil War Reference library
I. C. B. Dear and M. R. D. Foot
The Oxford Companion to World War II
...French, too, drew wrong conclusions, preferring to see the fighting in Spain as evidence that the defensive battle was still the stronger form of warfare and that the fear of a swift, highly mechanized form of warfare ( see blitzkrieg ) was exaggerated. ‘They even believed a German émigré writer, Helmuth Klotz, who, after a few weeks in Spain, wrote in his Leçons militaires de la guerre d'Espagne that the tank had been mastered by the anti-tank gun’ (see H. Thomas , The Spanish Civil War , new edn., London, 1986 , p. 770). The Italians learned valuable...
Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of Saints (5 rev. ed.)
...voice.’ All these brothers were young, in their twenties or thirties. Their chaplain, aged forty-seven, had taught philosophy and theology as well as literature. They were all killed two years before the civil war started. They were beatified in 1990 and canonized by Pope John Paul II in 1999 . Feast: 9 October . H. Thomas , The Spanish Civil War (3rd ed. 1977); A. M. Moreno , Historia de la persecucion religiosa en Espana (1936–9); V. Carcel , Martires espanoles del siglo XX (1966); Bibl. SS . Suppl. I, 416–8; B.L.S ., x. 58–60 and vii. 169–79...
Spanish Civil War (1936–9) Reference library
Brewer's Dictionary of Irish Phrase & Fable
... Civil War ( 1936–9 ). The war between the Nationalists under General Franco and the democratically elected Popular Front (Republican) government. It divided Irish opinion, with the Catholic Church and much of the press and public opinion on Franco's side, especially after news emerged of alleged brutality by Republican forces against priests and nuns. However, the Fianna Fáil government of Éamon De Valera maintained a neutral stance. Eoin O'Duffy 's Irish Brigade went to Spain to fight on Franco's side, but saw little action ( see Angels of...
Spanish Civil War
