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Overview

Sherman Antitrust Act

Subject: Social sciences

The original US federal antitrust legislation. In 1890 this act prohibited ‘all contracts, combinations and conspiracies in restraint of trade’, and monopoly in interstate and foreign ...

Sherman Antitrust Act

Sherman Antitrust Act   Reference library

The Oxford Guide to the United States Government

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2002
Subject:
Social sciences, Politics
Length:
241 words

...they wanted. In 1890 Congress responded to these public concerns by passing—almost unanimously—the Sherman Antitrust Act. Named for its chief sponsor, Senator John Sherman (Republican–Ohio), this act sought to end monopolies and make illegal any restriction on trade. However, the Sherman Act lacked any effective means of enforcement, and it failed to stop the growth of big business. During the 1890s the federal courts further weakened the Sherman Act by interpreting it to permit mergers and other forms of business consolidation. During the Progressive...

Sherman Antitrust Act

Sherman Antitrust Act   Reference library

James May

The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States (2 ed.)

Reference type:
Subject Reference
Current Version:
2005
Subject:
Law
Length:
716 words

... Antitrust Act The oldest and most important federal antitrust law, the Sherman Antitrust Act has provided the primary statutory basis for American antitrust enforcement and case law since 1890 . Like the other antitrust laws, the Sherman Act targets activities restricting marketplace competition. The act's sweeping prohibition of “[e]very contract, combination … or conspiracy” in restraint of interstate or foreign trade or commerce, set forth in its first section, addresses collusive or exclusionary group behavior. Section 2, prohibiting monopolization...

Sherman Antitrust Act

Sherman Antitrust Act  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Social sciences
The original US federal antitrust legislation. In 1890 this act prohibited ‘all contracts, combinations and conspiracies in restraint of trade’, and monopoly in interstate and foreign trade. The ...
Standard Oil v. United States

Standard Oil v. United States  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Law
221 U.S. 1 (1911), argued 14–16 Mar. 1910, reargued 12–17 Jan. 1911, decided 15 May 1911 by vote of 9 to 0; White for the Court, Harlan concurring. The Standard Oil case was decided at a time when ...
Goldfarb v. Virginia State Bar

Goldfarb v. Virginia State Bar  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Law
421 U.S. 773 (1975), argued 25 Mar. 1975, decided 16 June 1975 by vote of 8 to 0; Burger for the Court, Powell not participating.The Goldfarbs were unable to find a lawyer who would perform a real ...
Duplex Printing Co. v. Deering

Duplex Printing Co. v. Deering  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Law
254 U.S. 443 (1921), argued 22 Jan. 1920, decided 3 Jan. 1921 by vote of 6 to 3; Pitney for the Court, Brandeis, Holmes, and Clarke in dissent. In response to growing public pressure to control the ...
Rule of Reason

Rule of Reason  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Law
A standard created by the judiciary for judging business behavior under the Sherman Act (1890). Because this act spread a very wide net by prohibiting “every contract, combination, or conspiracy ...
Statutory Construction

Statutory Construction  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Law
Refers to techniques and guidelines followed by courts when they give effect to a statutory command. The guidelines include such obvious rules as: when two statutes conflict, the later in ...
Loewe v. Lawlor

Loewe v. Lawlor  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Law
208 U.S. 274 (1908), argued 4–5 Dec. 1907, decided 3 Feb. 1908 by vote of 9 to 0; Fuller for the Court. Popularly known as the Danbury Hatters’ Case, Loewe v. Lawlor grew out of a unionization effort ...
antitrust

antitrust  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Law
This is the American term for competition law. The basic provision of US antitrust is the Sherman Act of 1890. Section 1 states: ‘Every contract, combination in the form of ...
Swift & Co. v. United States

Swift & Co. v. United States  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Law
196 U.S. 375 (1905), argued 6–7 Jan. 1905, decided 30 Jan. 1905 by vote of 9 to 0; Holmes for the Court. In Swift, the most prominent antitrust action against the Beef Trust, the Court abandoned the ...
Bates v. State Bar of Arizona

Bates v. State Bar of Arizona  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Law
433 U.S. 350 (1977), argued 18 Jan. 1977, decided 27 June 1977 by vote of 5 to 4; Blackmun for the Court; Burger, Powell, and Rehnquist in dissent. In Bates the Supreme Court struck down state legal ...
William Rufus Day

William Rufus Day  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Law
(b. Ravenna, Ohio, 17 Apr. 1849; d. Mackinac Island, Mich., 9 Jul. 1923; interred West Lawn Cemetery, Canton, Ohio), associate justice, 1903–1922.Day's formative years were molded by the political ...
William Henry Moody

William Henry Moody  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Law
Associate Justice, 1906–10• Born: Dec. 23, 1853, Newbury, Mass.• Education: Harvard College, A.B., 1876; Harvard Law School, 1876–77• Previous government service: city solicitor, Haverhill, Mass., ...
South-Eastern Underwriters Association, United States v.

South-Eastern Underwriters Association, United States v.  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Law
322 U.S. 533 (1944), argued 11 Jan. 1944, decided 5 June 1944 by vote of 4 to 3; Black for the Court, Stone and Frankfurter in dissent, Jackson dissenting in part, Roberts and Reed not participating. ...
E. C. Knight Co., United States v.

E. C. Knight Co., United States v.  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Law
156 U.S. 1 (1895), argued 24 Oct. 1894, decided 21 Jan. 1895 by vote of 8 to 1; Fuller for the Court, Harlan in dissent. In early 1892, the American Sugar Refining Company, the corporate successor to ...
Edward Douglass White

Edward Douglass White  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Law
(b. LaFourche Parish, La., 3 Nov. 1845; d. 19 May 1921, Washington, D.C.; interred Oak Hill Cemetery, Washington, D.C.), associate justice, 1894–1910, chief justice, 1910–1921.Edward Douglass White ...
Richard Olney

Richard Olney  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Law
(b. Oxford, Mass., 15 Sept. 1835; d. 8 Apr. 1917), lawyer and statesman.A noted New England railroad lawyer, Richard Olney served from 1893 to 1895 as U.S. attorney general ...
Northern Securities Co. v. United States

Northern Securities Co. v. United States  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Social sciences, Politics
• 193 U.S. 197 (1904)• Vote: 5–4• For the Court: Harlan• Concurring: Brewer• Dissenting: White, Holmes, Fuller, and Peckham• 193 U.S. 197 (1904)• Vote: 5–4• For the Court: Harlan[...]
Popular images of Court

Popular images of Court  

Reference type:
Overview Page
Subject:
Law
The High Court has rarely been represented to the public outside the news media, which themselves provide a vital machine in the production of popular images. Any depictions of the ...

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