Scotland
Scotland Reference library
Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain
... 1881: 853; central Scotland: especially Kinross and Clackmannans. English: (i) relationship name from the Middle English personal name Scotland , Scolland . Found in Normandy as well as England, it is not of Continental Germanic origin and evidently denoted a Scot or someone with an association with Scotland. (ii) ethnic name from Middle English Scotlond ‘Scotland’, for someone from Scotland. Compare England . (iii) locative name from Scotlandwell in Portmoak (Kinross), whose name is of transparent origin but uncertain significance. (iv) locative...
Scotland Reference library
Dictionary of American Family Names (2 ed.)
... US frequency (2010): 936 English and Scottish (Kinross and Clackmannanshire): 1 from the Middle English personal name Scotland , Scolland . Found in Normandy as well as England, it evidently denoted a Scot or someone with an association with Scotland. 2 ethnic name for someone from Scotland, from Middle English Scotlond ‘Scotland’. Compare England . 3 from Middle English scot ‘payment, tax’ (Old French escot ) + lond ‘land’. The surname may be topographic, for someone who lived on or by land subject to a tax or customary payment, or...
Scotland Reference library
Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable (19 ed.)
...on 1 January 1651 . Scotland Yard As commonly used the name denotes the Criminal Investigation Department of the Metropolitan Police. The name arose from the fact that Great Scotland Yard, Whitehall, was the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police from c. 1842 to 1890 and thereafter New Scotland Yard, Parliament Street, until 1967 when ‘Scotland Yard’ was transferred to Broadway, Westminster. The name of the original Scotland Yard comes from the fact that it was the residence of the kings of Scotland when they came to London. Scotland Yard, or its...
Scotland Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Chaucer
... was in Chaucer's day an independent kingdom with uneasy political relations with England, which had its own cultural and literary traditions. Chaucer mentions Scotland and the Scots only in The Man of Law's Tale (II.580, 718), as the enemies of King Alla...
Scotland Reference library
The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts
... . Ceramics see Delftfield Pottery ; Glasgow ; Portobello ; Wemyss Ware . Metalwork see Carron Iron co . Textiles see Edinburgh weavers...
Scotland Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
...Nevis . In pre‐history, Scotland was inhabited by the Picts . In ad 843 , Kenneth I united the lands of the Picts and the Scots . In 1174 Scotland became a fiefdom of England. Richard I granted Scottish freedom in 1189 , but the enmity between England and Scotland continued. Edward I forced the Scots to submit, only for William Wallace to lead a Scottish revolt. Robert I (the Bruce) recaptured much Scottish land and defeated the English at the Battle of Bannockburn ( 1314 ); this led to England's recognition of Scottish independence in 1328 ....
Scotland Quick reference
A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
...the Norse invasions and the Reformation, much of Scottish Gaelic tradition remained linked to Ireland. Many Scottish Gaelic stories are parallels of Irish stories and have Irish settings. Characters in Irish stories, such as Deirdre or Cúchulainn , travel to Scotland and appear familiar with its geography, although often Scotland is seen as a place of magic and adventure, like other foreign countries. From medieval through to early modern times, commerce and social intercourse continued between Gaelic Scotland and Ireland: large numbers of Highland...
Scotland Quick reference
A Dictionary of World History (3 ed.)
...of a measure of devolution. This included a Scottish Parliament with 129 MPs elected by proportional representation in elections that took place in May 1999 ; power was transferred to the new body in July. The Scottish Parliament initially had powers to make laws on most domestic matters and to vary the basic rate of income tax, with more powers being transferred over the next decade. The first two elections to the Scottish Parliament resulted in Labour–Liberal Democrat coalition administrations, but the Scottish National Party led by Alex Salmond formed...
Scotland Reference library
Alastair Gilmour
The Oxford Companion to Beer
...a large stake in the Scottish trade, following smaller companies such as Vaux of Sunderland in the North of England and Allsopp of Burton-on-Trent which had already acquired a significant brewery-owning foothold in Scotland. Scotland was not exempt from the lager phenomenon that spiralled out of the 1960s with the demand for “younger” and “easier-to-drink beers” typified by dubiously Irish Harp Lager and Skol, a decidedly confused Scottish-Scandinavian synthesis. The independent spirit has never been conquered, however, and Scottish brewers have always been...
Scotland Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance
... . At the outset of the fifteenth century, Scotland was in civil war, as the rule of Robert III was disputed. His son James was captured and passed to King Henry IV of England; he remained in English hands for eighteen years. On his return to Scotland as James I in 1424 , he attempted to establish there the centralized monarchical rule which he had witnessed in England, striking against enemies amongst the Scottish lords. He was murdered in 1437 as part of a failed coup by opponents of this newly asserted royal power. His son James II ...
Scotland Reference library
The Continuum Companion to Twentieth Century Theatre
...attached to the Royal Scottish Academy of Music, chairman of the Scottish Committee of the Arts Council of Great Britain and of the Scottish Community Drama Association, and Drama Adviser to the Edinburgh Festival, and as such his influence on the development of Scottish drama was very considerable. His plays made less impact, for the vast majority were first performed outside Scotland and their content and style remain unique to Bridie, the next generation of playwrights preferring to follow other trends. None the less, his ‘Scottish’ plays, which include ...
Scotland Reference library
Andrew Murphy
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)
... , in Shakespeare’s day, was an independent country of perhaps 500,000 inhabitants. Like Ireland , it was considered by many English commentators to be less civilized than England. Some Scottish intellectuals, such as George Buchanan , were, however, highly regarded throughout Europe and Scottish affairs were crucial on many occasions during Elizabeth ’s reign, most notably when the exiled Mary Stuart was executed in England ( 1587 ). There has been speculation that Shakespeare may have visited Scotland in the company of the comedian Lawrence...
Scotland Reference library
Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages
...rivalries of the Scottish bishops thereafter. In 1176 Pope Alexander III , anxious that the Scottish church should not be subjected to the abuses of King Henry II of England, confirmed the freedom of the Scottish church from subjection to England . In 1192 Pope Celestine III constituted the Scottish church a “special daughter” of the Holy See, without a metropolitan , and subsequently arrangements were made to allow the church to hold regular provincial councils presided over by a “Conservator of the Privileges of the Scottish Church”, one of the...
Scotland (Australia, Canada, UK, USA) Quick reference
Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names (6 ed.)
...The British Kingdom of Strathclyde was brought into the fold in 1034 , but attempts to expand into northern England failed. In 1603 England and Scotland were joined in a personal union, although separate kingdoms were maintained, when James VI of Scotland became James I of England. In 1707 the Act of Union between the two kingdoms created, together with Wales, the Kingdom of Great Britain . The Scottish Parliament was dissolved and was not re-established until 1999 in an act of devolution from the British...
Scotland Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Irish History (2 ed.)
...eastern Scotland, and by c .1000 Scots‐Gaelic was prevalent over much of Scotland, although it did not reach Orkney and Shetland. Irish missionaries led by Colum Cille brought Christianity to much of Scotland and also played a key role in the Christianization of Northumbria, an area which was long regarded as being culturally and politically tied to ‘the kingdom of the Scots’. Thus Ireland left a lasting mark on the history of early Christian Scotland. Fergus Mór ( c . ad 500 ), ruler of Dál Riata, was seen as the founder figure of Scottish dynasties....
Scotland Quick reference
A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (6 ed.)
...Scotland Linked with England since the 1707 Act of Union, Scotland maintained a separate established church ( Church of Scotland ), its own legal system, and a distinctive education system which placed a high emphasis on university education and the teaching of science. It received its own Cabinet minister, Secretary for Scotland (Secretary of State from 1926 ) in 1885 . In the twentieth century, demands for political independence emerged in the late 1920s, and led to the formation of the Scottish National Party ( SNP ) in 1934 . However, for much of...
Scotland Reference library
Alastair J. Durie
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History
...Payne, Peter L. Growth and Contraction: Scottish Industry, 1860–1990 . Dundee, Scotland, 1992. A magisterial account of the problems of Scottish industry in the twentieth century. Saville, Richard . Bank of Scotland: A History, 1695–1995 . Edinburgh, 1996. A comprehensive account of an institution that has been at the heart of the Scottish financial community for three centuries. Smout, T. Christopher . A History of the Scottish People, 1560–1830 . London, 1969. Both informative and a pleasure to read. Particularly strong on the social dimensions to...
Scotland Reference library
Richard J. Finlay
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World
...was held on the creation of a Scottish parliament, which received popular endorsement. In 1999 the Scottish parliament reconvened after a gap of 292 years. [ See also Culloden, Battle of ; Devolution in the United Kingdom ; Gaelic Language ; Highland Clearances ; Jacobites ; Potato Famine, Irish and Scottish ; Scottish Enlightenment ; and United Kingdom . ] Bibliography Campbell, R. H. Scotland since 1707: The Rise of an Industrial Society . 2d ed. Edinburgh: John Donald, 1985. Devine, T. M. The Scottish Nation, 1700–2000 . London: Allen...
Scotland Reference library
Derek Watson and Kenneth Chalmers
The Oxford Companion to Music
...have passed Scotland by, the country's traditional music was greatly in vogue in London by 1700 . 18th-century Edinburgh became a centre of musical activity, with an influx of foreign musicians and the emergence of native Scottish composers such as Thomas Erskine ; collections of national songs continued to appear, the most significant being The Scots Musical Museum ( 1787–1803 ), which saw the involvement of Robert Burns . Scottish music history was at its lowest ebb in the 19th century until, in the final decade, what is now the Royal Scottish Academy of...
Scotland Reference library
Alan Riach
The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Literature
...nationalism in ‘The Flag of Scotland’ and ‘The Bagpipes’: ‘When Scotland's pipe sounds in my ears, / My heart with stirring thoughts it cheers.’ Ferguson was also the author of a popular historical novel modelled on Scott: The King's Friend: A Tale of the Scottish Wars of Independence ( 1905 ). Moral piety typifies the demotic homilies of Hugh Smith, ‘Bard of Inangahua’ ( 1851–1944 ). By the 1930s, his Poems by an Ayrshire Scot had sold 2000 copies. ‘Hughie’ was popular culture among those for whom Scotland was a land of ‘romance, legend and...
