Robbers Cave experiment n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
... Cave experiment n . A field experiment on conflict and cooperation carried out by the US-based Turkish psychologist Muzafer Sherif ( 1906–88 ) and several colleagues in the summer of 1954 and published in books entitled The Robbers Cave Experiment: Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation ( 1961 ) and In Common Predicament: Social Psychology of Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation ( 1966 ). Two groups of white, middle-class eleven-year-old boys, arbitrarily named Rattlers and Eagles by the experimenters and each initially unaware of the other...
Robbers Cave experiment
Sherif Summer Camp Study
jigsaw classroom
social identity
realistic group conflict theory n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
...group conflict theory n . The notion that group conflict and hostility are caused chiefly by competition for resources and power. The theory was first proposed by the US-based Turkish psychologist Muzafer Sherif ( 1906–88 ) and several colleagues in the Robbers Cave experiment . RGCT abbrev...
Sherif Summer Camp Study Reference library
The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Peace
...widely known as the Robbers Cave experiment (Sherif et al., 1961 ), is a classic study in psychology. Performed over a three-week period in 1954 , this experiment demonstrated how intergroup prejudice and conflict can be both created and reduced. By studying the effects of a series of interventions on the behavior of two groups of boys at a summer camp in Robbers Cave State Park in Oklahoma, Sherif and his colleagues found that the functional relations between the groups shaped the nature of their intergroup relations. In the Robbers Cave summer camp study,...
social identity theory n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
...of social prejudice is the enhancement of self-esteem by discrimination against out-groups. The theory was originally formulated in 1978 by the British-based Polish psychologist Henri Tajfel ( 1919–82 ). See also jigsaw classroom , minimal group situation , Robbers Cave experiment , stigmatize . SIT abbrev...
prejudice n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
...experience’ (p. 7), but he also suggested a rougher definition that is more often quoted: ‘being down on what you're not up on’ (p. 8). See also ableism , authoritarianism , confirmation bias , contact hypothesis , fattism , heterosexism , jigsaw classroom , Robbers Cave experiment , social categorization , social identity theory , speciesism , stereotype , stigmatize . prejudiced adj . Characterized by prejudice. prejudicial adj . Tending to cause prejudice. [From Latin praeiudicium a previous judgement or precedent, from prae ...
jigsaw classroom n. Quick reference
A Dictionary of Psychology (4 ed.)
...the technique to deal with racial conflict following the desegregation of schools in Austin, Texas in 1971 and published it initially in a book entitled The Jigsaw Classroom ( 1978 ) and an article in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin ( 1979 ). Compare Robbers Cave experiment...
Identity and Conflict Reference library
The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Peace
...( 1961 ), called the “Robbers Cave experiments.” In their study, the researchers arbitrarily divided boy campers, who were strangers, into two groups and created a competitive setting. Group members quickly adopted a strong sense of collective identity and commitment to their groups. This, in turn, led to intense inter group animosity that included razzing, verbal abuse, threats, and the expressed desire of the boys to have little or nothing to do with members of the opposite group. The phenomenon found in the Robbers Cave experiments has unfortunately also...
Why People Join Groups Reference library
Zachary P. Hohman and Olivia R. Kuljian
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Social Psychology
...to interact with others in the interest of successfully completing such goals. Sherif et al.’s ( 1961 ) work demonstrates the impact of sharing common goals in bolstering cooperation and group cohesion, even when group members were once part of rival groups. In the Robbers Cave experiments, boys attending a summer camp were divided into separate groups that competed for resources ( Sherif et al., 1961 ). The summer camp studies substantiate realistic group conflict theory, which suggests that the way in which people interact within groups is driven by...
Ethnopolitical Conflict, Psychology of Reference library
The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Peace
...Peace Education Make a Difference in the Context of an Intractable Conflict? Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 10 (2004): 257–274. Sherif, M ., O. J. Harvey , B. J. White , W. R. Hood , and C. W. Sherif . Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation: The Robbers Cave Experiment . Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1966. Staub, Ervin . Genocide and Mass Killings: Origins, Prevention, Healing, and Reconciliation. Political Psychology 21 (2000): 367–382. Thompson, Lee . ‘They Saw a Negotiation’: Partisanship and Involvement. Journal of...
History of Social Psychology at Mid-20th Century Reference library
Thomas F. Pettigrew
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the History of Modern Psychology
...Crisis in social psychology: Some remarks toward breaking through the crisis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 3 , 368–382. Sherif, M. , Harvey, O. J. , White, D. J. , Hood, W. R. , & Sherif, C. F. (1961). Intergroup conflict and cooperation: The robbers cave experiment . Norman: University of Oklahoma Book Exchange. Sherif, M. , & Hovland, C. I. (1961). Social judgment . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Steiner, I. D. (1974). Whatever happened to the group in social psychology? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 10...
Sustainable Development Reference library
The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Peace
... 47, no. 3 (2005): 8–21. Reuveny, R . Ecomigration and Violent Conflict: Case Studies and Public Policy Implications. Human Ecology 36, no. 1 (2008): 1–13. Sherif, M ., O. Harvey , B. White , W. Hood , and C. Sherif, C . Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation: The Robbers Cave Experiment . Norman: University of Oklahoma Institute of Intergroup Relations, 1961. United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World . New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. Winter, D ., and M. Cava . The Psycho-Ecology of...
Self-Observation in Psychology Reference library
Donald V. Brown, Karyna Pryiomka, and Joshua Clegg
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the History of Modern Psychology
...reporting. Kurt Lewin (1890–1947), often called the father of social psychology, long employed what we would now call “mixed methods” approaches that included first-person reporting, as did other Gestalt-inspired social psychologists (e.g., Carolyn and Muzafer Sherif’s Robbers Cave study). Gordon Allport (1897–1967), generally considered one of the founders of personality psychology, was an advocate for first-person methods throughout his career, preparing a 1942 report for the Social Science Research Council detailing the “use, form, and value of...
Social Categorization Reference library
Craig McGarty
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Social Psychology
..., & Mervis, C. B. (1975). Family resemblances: Studies in the internal structure of categories. Cognitive Psychology , 7 (4), 573–605. Sherif, M. , Harvey, O. J. , White, B. J. , Hood, W. R. , & Sherif, C. W. (1961). Intergroup conflict and cooperation: The Robbers Cave experiment (Vol. 10). Norman, OK: University Book Exchange. Skorich, D. P. , & Mavor, K. I. (2013). Cognitive load privileges memory-based over data-driven processing, not group-level over person-level processing . British Journal of Social Psychology , 52 , 469–488. Skorich...
History of Social Psychology Reference library
Andrew Ward
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Social Psychology
...person and the immediate environment inhabited by that individual. The study of groups continued as a major endeavor in social psychology in subsequent decades, exemplified by Muzafer Sherif’s (1954) famous studies of intergroup conflict among pre-teenaged male campers at Robbers Cave, Oklahoma. But the approach was perhaps best illustrated by Solomon Asch’s classic studies of conformity in the presence of a unanimous majority ( Asch, 1952 ), along with later investigations by Wallach et al. (1962) on group risk-taking, as well as Janis’ (1972) ...
Social Psychological Approaches to Intergroup Communication Reference library
Katharine H. Greenaway, Cindy Gallois, and S. Alexander Haslam
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Intergroup Communication
...& Fiedler, K. (1991). The linguistic category model, its bases, applications and range . European Review of Social Psychology, 2 , 1–30. Sherif, M. , Harvey, O. J. , White, B. J. , Hood, W. R. , & Sherif, C. W. (1954). Intergroup conflict and cooperation: The Robbers Cave experiment . Classics in the History of Psychology. Sidanius, J. , & Pratto, F. (1999). Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression . New York: Cambridge University Press. Smith, A. E. , & Humphreys, M. S. (2006). Evaluation of unsupervised semantic...
China Reference library
Sarah Milledge Nelson, Sarah Milledge Nelson, Sarah Milledge Nelson, Adam Kessler, Julie M. Segraves, Julie M. Segraves, Chen Xingcan, and Magnus Fiskesjö
The Oxford Companion To Archaeology (2 ed.)
...sapiens to become the modern Chinese? A related problem is that skeletons interpreted as H. sapiens are believed to coexist with those of H. erectus in China. For example, bones of H. erectus were found at Hexian and of H. sapiens at Chaohu, caves only 31 miles (50 km) apart in Anhui Province. Both caves have been dated by faunal analysis and by uranium series dating to about 200,000 BP. At the site of Jinniushan in Liaoning Province, too, an almost complete skeleton identified as H. sapiens was dated to 300,000–230,000 BP. Another Paleolithic controversy...
