Nigeria Quick reference
World Flags
... Nigeria adopted its flag in 1960 when it gained independence from Britain. It was selected after a competition to find a suitable design. The green-white-green vertical stripes are a stylized depiction of the River Niger flowing through the fields of Nigeria...
Nigeria Quick reference
Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names (6 ed.)
...Royal Niger Company to form the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. Lagos Colony and Protectorate joined it in 1906 and it was then renamed the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. Simultaneously, in 1900 , the remainder of modern Nigeria became the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria. In 1914 the two parts merged to form the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. The country takes its name from the Niger River which flows through it. The name Nigeria dates from 1900 when the Southern Nigeria Protectorate was created. It had been proposed in 1897 by...
Nigeria Quick reference
A Dictionary of British History (3 ed.)
... Former British colony and protectorate in West Africa. British missionaries arrived in Nigeria in the 1840s and in 1853 Lagos was annexed as a British colony as part of the campaign to halt the West African slave trade. When the activities of legitimate British traders in the Niger delta region were threatened by French rivals, the British government took responsibility for the conquest of the interior in 1900 . The religious and economic differences between north and south resulted in the creation of an uneasy federal system of government when Nigeria...
Nigeria Reference library
The Islamic World: Past and Present
...convert the peoples of southwestern Nigeria. During the mid-1880s, European powers divided Africa into various spheres of influence. Great Britain took control of Nigeria but encountered much resistance throughout the country. After a long, bloody war, the British secured their hold on southern Nigeria in 1897 . Three years later, Great Britain declared the establishment of a colonial government in Nigeria, and shortly thereafter, conquered the Sokoto caliphate. Independence and Instability. Great Britain administered Nigeria through a policy of indirect rule....
Nigeria Reference library
Darren Kew
The Oxford Companion to Comparative Politics
... With over 150 million people, Nigeria is the most populous nation in Africa, a center of regional trade, and arguably the strongest military power on the continent. Yet, despite its size and enormous natural wealth—over $70 billion in annual oil revenues alone—Nigeria exhibits on a larger scale a common pattern found in many postcolonial polities: on the one hand, a rapacious oligarchy and, on the other hand, a mass of citizens who are forced to survive on less than a dollar a day. Colonial Legacies. Despite extraordinary potential, Nigeria is beset by...
Nigeria Reference library
Darren Kew
The Oxford Companion to International Relations
... With over 150 million people, Nigeria is the most populous nation in Africa, a center of regional trade, and arguably the strongest military power on the continent. Yet, despite its size and enormous natural wealth—over $70 billion in annual oil revenues alone—Nigeria exhibits on a larger scale a common pattern found in many postcolonial polities: on the one hand, a rapacious oligarchy and, on the other hand, a mass of citizens who are forced to survive on less than a dollar a day. Colonial Legacies. Despite extraordinary potential, Nigeria is beset...
Nigeria Reference library
Yushau Sodiq
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women
...they are qualified ( Gender Statistic Newsletter 4, Nigeria Bureau of Statistics, 2011). Many Nigerian women are housewives. Even though they are proud of being mothers and educators, their private contributions are not formally recognized. Women's Organizations. After independence, women established many organizations, such as the National Council of Women's Societies (NCWS), Women in Nigeria (WIN), Civil Liberty of Nigeria (CLN), and International Women's Society of Nigeria (IWSN), which is one of Nigeria's oldest women's organizations. These organizations...
Nigeria Reference library
Nwando Achebe
The Oxford Encyclopedia Women in World History
...people of northern Nigeria formed themselves into seven Hausa Bakwai (original) and seven Hausa Banza (bastard) city‐states—states that mirror the present‐day Muslim Sharia states of Nigeria. The Yoruba of southwestern Nigeria organized into a number of prominent city‐states, including Ife and Oyo, and the Edo people organized into the kingdom of Benin. Eastern Nigeria was the terrain of the Igbo, and they—like the Ijo and Idoma—organized themselves into small‐scale societies. The spread of Islam began more than a millennium ago in Nigeria. With the conversion...
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Olatunji Ojo and Jennifer Lofkrantz
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History
...of the Nigerian Economic Society . Kano, Nigeria, 1980. Kayode, M. O. , and Y. Bala Usman , eds. Proceedings of the National Conference on Nigeria since Independence: The Economic and Social Development of Nigeria . Zaria, Ethiopia, 1983. Lovejoy, Paul E. Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa . Cambridge, 2000. Olukoshi, Adebayo . Economic Crisis, Structural Adjustment, and the Coping Strategies of Manufacturers in Kano, Nigeria . Geneva, 1996. Teriba, O. , and M. O. Kayode . Industrial Development in Nigeria: Patterns,...
Nigeria Quick reference
A Dictionary of Human Geography
...and the Caribbean). Campaigns for independence came to fruition in 1960 , since when Nigeria has been self-governing. The country has suffered civil war and periods of autocratic rule, though since 1999 representative democracy has been restored. The three largest and most influential ethno-linguistic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba, their historically uneasy co‐existence a function of the political borders created by the British. The Nigerian economy is the largest in Africa measured by GDP, with oil exports being a major revenue...
Nigeria Reference library
Kenneth Ingham
The Oxford Companion to British History (2 ed.)
...Nigeria by the British into three distinct administrative regions, amalgamated under one central authority in 1914 . Cocoa and palm-oil products brought a measure of wealth to the two southern regions but the north remained poor. The religious and economic differences between north and south resulted in the creation of an uneasy federal system of government when Nigeria became independent in 1960 . The declaration of independence by the province of Biafra in 1966 provoked a bloody civil war, and though the Biafrans were defeated in 1970 , Nigeria, a large...
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The Oxford Companion to the English Language (2 ed.)
...and renamed the Niger Coast Protectorate in 1893 . The Protectorate of Southern Nigeria and the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria were created in 1900 from territories controlled by the Royal Niger Company. These were amalgamated into the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria in 1914 . Nigeria became independent in 1960 , a republic within the Commonwealth in 1961 , and a federal republic in 1963 . Nigerian English A wide spectrum of English is used in Nigeria, including standard English whose spoken forms are influenced by various mother...
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World Encyclopedia
...the trade. By 1885 the British controlled all of S Nigeria and gradually extended N, conquering all of Nigeria by 1906 . They divided the country into the Colony (Lagos) and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria and the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria. The two merged in 1914 , and Britain ruled indirectly through colonial officials and local rulers. Cities, infrastructure and industries developed. In 1954 Nigeria federated into three regions (n, E, and W) plus the territory of Lagos. Politics Nigeria became independent in 1960 and a federal republic in ...
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John N. Paden
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics
...Falola , eds. Religion and Society in Nigeria: Historical and Sociological Perspectives . Ibadan, Nigeria: Spectrum, 1991. Paden, John N. Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto: Values and Leadership in Nigeria . London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1986. Paden, John N. Faith and Politics in Nigeria: Nigeria as a Pivotal State in the Muslim World . Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, 2008. Paden, John N. Muslim Civic Cultures and Conflict Resolution: The Challenge of Democratic Federalism in Nigeria . Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution...
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The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
...participated in organizations such as Women in Nigeria ( WIN ), which was widely regarded in Nigeria as “feminist.” Others, educated through the secondary or university level, began to reclaim their own sense of Muslim identity. One result of this trend was the organization of the Federation of Muslim Women's Associations in Nigeria ( FOMWAN ). Established in the 1980s to give coherence to Muslim women's organizations throughout Nigeria, it has focused on the need to counteract the role of custom in Nigerian Muslim society. After the return to civilian rule...
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The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture
...), Nigeria's most renowned artist abroad. Ulism and the Nsukka school's social and political stance are, perhaps, the strongest influences on late 20th-century Nigerian painting. A. Onabolu : A Short Discourse on Art (Lagos, 1922) U. Beier : “ Contemporary Nigerian Art, ” Nigeria , lxviii (1961), pp. 27–53 D. Onabolu : “ Aina Onabolu, ” Nigeria , lxxix (1963), pp. 295–8 M. W. Mount : African Art: The Years since 1920 (Bloomington, 1973) P. Oyelola : Everyman's Guide to Nigerian Art (Lagos, 1976) U. Okeke : “ History of Modern Nigerian Art, ” Nigeria ,...
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Denis Judd
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World
...in Nigeria: A Political History since 1960 . Münster, Germany: Lit Verlag, 2004. Falola, Toyin . The History of Nigeria . Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1999. Korieh, Chima J. , and G. Ugo Nwokeji , eds. Religion, History, and Politics in Nigeria: Essays in Honor of Ogbu U. Kalu . Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 2005. Phillips, Douglas . Nigeria . Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 2004. Tijani, Hakeem Ibikunle , ed. Nigeria's Urban History: Past and Present . Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 2006. Wright, Stephen . Nigeria: Struggle...
Nigeria Quick reference
A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (6 ed.)
...Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) , which will create the world’s largest free trade area once it becomes operational in the early 2020s, and a deal that Nigeria has much to gain from as inter-African trade increases. http://www.statehouse.gov.ng/ Office of the President of Nigeria official site https://services.gov.ng/ Government of Nigeria portal https://www.nassnig.org National Assembly of Nigeria official...
Nigeria Reference library
Encyclopedia of Africa
...Nigeria. That same year Great Britain formalized its control over most of what is modern Nigeria. But it continued to administer the area as two separate units, the colony and protectorate of Southern Nigeria (so named in 1906 after a merger of Lagos and southern Nigeria) and the protectorate of Northern Nigeria, until 1914 , when they were joined. Lugard, who became the first governor-general of an amalgamated Nigeria, was the architect of indirect rule—the policy of ruling colonies through the structures of customary authority. Given Nigeria’s vast...
