... media theory A range of critical perspectives in which the primary function of the mass media under capitalism is regarded as the reproduction of the status quo (a dominance model, in contrast to the market model of liberal pluralism ). In Marxist theory , the mass media form the arena in which various ideological battles are fought, but in which the class in control of capital has ultimate control ( see also consciousness industry ; dominance model ; media hegemony ). Media professionals (including those managers who run the media ...
A range of views in which the primary function of the mass media is regarded as the reproduction of the status quo (in contrast to liberal pluralism). In Marxist theory, the mass media form the arena ...
Mehdi Bazargan
...as a transgression against God and His representatives.
According to the foregoing account, religious governments, not unlike Marxist states, cannot tolerate the freedom of ideas and criticism. Free expression and assembly, as well as strikes or demonstrations would be unthinkable; and the ruling party's judgment and execution would be swift and categorical. Both religious and Marxist governments recognize freedom and rationality only for their docile followers. For everyone else, freedom signifies nothing but corruption, confusion,...
Job
Reference library
James L. Crenshaw and James L. Crenshaw
...camps likens the Jewish fate under Hitler to Job's affliction (Elie Wiesel) but is opposed by a humanist who contrasts Job's survival with the victims of Auschwitz and Dachau (Rubenstein). Existentialists use Job as an example of the human situation (Camus, Kafka), and a Marxist philosopher sees him as an exemplary rebel against theism and the abuse of power by religious establishments (Ernst Bloch). 6. Within the circles of biblical scholarship, interpreters provide various literary readings of the book: a feminist, a vegetarian, a materialist, a NT...
1. Broadly, any coherent framework of ideas and concepts for analysing or generating investigable hypotheses about mediated communication, including media comparisons and theories of influence and ...
In relation to media power, a liberal pluralist position in which the mass media are seen as enjoying significant autonomy from the state, and media professionals are allowed considerable flexibility ...
In the Marxist and psychoanalytic traditions of film theory (e.g. Baudry), the whole system of cinematic technologies and practices that not only produces films but also constructs film ...
Compare social determinism.1. The stance that common patterns of behaviour, attitudes, and values which persist for generations are the result of cultural factors rather than biological or other ...
1. In classical Marxist theory, the subordination of the social ‘superstructure’ to the techno-economic ‘base’: see base and superstructure; see also economism.2. The stance that the pre-given ...
In Althusserian Marxist and structuralist theory more generally, a process in which the pre-given structures of social relations construct roles that define the subjectivity of individuals who ...
1. For Foucault's usage, see discursive formation.2. Social formation: in Marxist theory, a particular social structure such as that of feudal or bourgeois society. Althusser saw Marxism as charting ...
1. A stance in which a small elite of powerful interests is seen as controlling the mass media. The hidden agenda in political and economic coverage is largely that of primary definers—notably ...
1. (givenness) Broadly, in cultural theory, a key abstract concept that is taken for granted as an essential starting-point for any theory—often inexplicit but nevertheless the philosophical ...
See also privatization of information.1. (Marxist theory) The production of goods or services for ‘exchange’ via a market as opposed to simply for the producer's own use. This converts use values ...
1. Theories associated with the neo-Marxist Frankfurt school which involve the ideological analysis of society and culture. Influenced by Marxist theory and Freudian psychoanalytic theory.2. Any ...
1. (post-Marxism) The development of radical reworkings of Marxism from the late 1970s, arising in reaction to classical Marxist materialism, economism, historical determinism, anti-humanism, and ...
1. (ideological incorporation) In Marxist theory, the disputed notion that the dominant ideology in a capitalist society functions to incorporate the working class, thus maintaining social order and ...
1. adj. In everyday usage, existing only in the imagination.2. n. [French imaginaire, connoting ‘illusion’] ‘The imaginary’ is Lacan's term for an internalized representation of the visual world in ...
1. The distribution of a publication (particularly newspapers and magazines).2. The number of copies sold of a single issue of a magazine or newspaper (see audited circulation). The actual readership ...
Althusser's term to describe a mechanism whereby the human subject is ‘constituted’ (constructed) by pre-given structures (a structuralist stance). By being named or ‘hailed’ as a member of a group, ...
