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Marxist Criticism Quick reference
A Dictionary of Critical Theory (2 ed.)
... Criticism A form of cultural criticism that applies Marxist theory to the interpretation of cultural texts. Since neither Karl Marx nor his collaborator Friedrich Engels ever developed a specific form of cultural criticism themselves, Marxist Criticism has been extrapolated from their writings. As there is no one form of Marxism , so there is no one form of Marxist Criticism. This is not to say that the different variants of Marxist Criticism do not have certain features in common, but it is nevertheless also true that there is considerable...
Marxist criticism Reference library
Hugh Grady
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)
... criticism . By the end of the 20th century Marxism had long ceased to be a unitary political philosophy, having developed over its 150-year history into an extraordinary array of competing theories ranging from the most vulgar or tyranny-abetting economic determinisms to some of the most sophisticated intellectual projects of the 20th century. Marxist criticism of Shakespeare has varied accordingly. All Marxist criticism is characterized by the belief that art and literature are interrelated with the societies which produce them, but further...
Marxist criticism Quick reference
The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms (4 ed.)
...of Mechanical Reproduction’ ( 1935 ) is a widely admired classic of Marxist reflection upon modern culture. Western Marxist criticism underwent renewal and diversification in the 1960s and 1970s, becoming more visible within academic literary studies and interacting with a range of other critical schools from structuralism , psychoanalytic criticism , feminist criticism , and postcolonial theory to deconstruction and new historicism . In this ‘neo-Marxist’ phase, the traditional Marxist metaphor of economic causality in which a ‘superstructure’ of...
Marxist literary criticism Quick reference
The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (4 ed.)
... 1968 , the foremost Marxist critics have been Raymond Williams , Terry Eagleton , and Fredric Jameson ( 1934– ). Eagleton and Jameson have both employed Marxist methods to illuminate general problems of literary theory and the phenomenon of postmodernism . Since the 1930s, elements of Marxist theory have variously been combined with those of other critical schools such as psychoanalytic criticism , feminist criticism , structuralism, and deconstruction . http://www.marxists.org/subject/art/lit_crit Links to early Marxist...
Marxist literary criticism Reference library
The Oxford Companion to English Literature (7 ed.)
...of postmodernism . Since the 1930s, elements of Marxist theory have variously been combined with those of other critical schools such as psychoanalytic criticism , feminist criticism , structuralism, and deconstruction . See Terry Eagleton , Marxism and Literary Criticism (2nd edn,...
Marxist literary criticism Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English
...and Reality ( 1937 ), sought to domesticate and rethink Marxist assumptions about the social bases of art; and much criticism in the 1930s, whether openly Marxist or not, accepted the materialist presuppositions of Marx's agenda. Later critics like Fredric Jameson and Terry Eagleton have complicated but not abandoned these Marxist premisses, and the debt to Marxism of critics as different as Lionel Trilling and Raymond Williams is perfectly clear. Marxism remains, for literary and social criticism, an optic rather than a doctrine, a way of connecting,...
Marxist criticism
Epilogue Reference library
John Rogerson
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...Africa, voices were later to be heard questioning whether texts produced by ruling and oppressing classes could, in fact, be liberating for oppressed people today. The approach most likely to bring negative considerations to bear on the Bible was ideological criticism, especially in a Marxist-derived form which regarded ideology as a false consciousness that blinded people to the truth and which needed to be unmasked. While it was, and is, perfectly legitimate to enquire, for example, into the interests of those who produced the Ten Commandments—they...
A Criticism of Religious Thought Reference library
Sadiq Al-‘azm
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
... A Criticism of Religious Thought The descendent of a prominent Syrian political family and graduate of American University of Beirut, he holds a Ph.D. in philosophy from Yale University. His Marxist criticism of religious thought published in 1970 caused a scandal. He was brought to trial in Beirut in the same year on charges of provoking religious troubles but was acquitted. The first edition of the work from which this selection comes, was published in 1969. In this excerpt, ‘Azm attacks the misuse of Islam by “reactionaries” and urges a scientific critique...
Liberation Theology: Europe Reference library
Luise Schottroff and John Rogerson
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...point of view in the tradition of academic exegesis of the Bible in Germany (that of H. Gunkel's ‘Form Criticism’, the history of life and customs, and archaeology) and did not belong to the philosophical tradition of French structuralism from which the ‘lecture matérialiste’ derived. Instead, the social analysis was undertaken by this group in a pragmatic and biblically oriented way. Questions were posed which came from the tradition of Marxist analysis of class: questions concerning power, authority, and money, and freedom from this unjust system. The...
Liberation Theology: Latin America Reference library
M. Daniel Carroll R.
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...with Marxist thought. Marxist theories are viewed as the most appropriate method to analyse Latin America's woes. It has offered some important categories of liberationist thought, such as dependency theory, praxis, capital as a fetish, the organic intellectual, and the hope of a socialist state. These theologians, however, have never adopted Marxism wholesale. The appropriation of Marxism has varied from theologian to theologian, and use has been selective and critical. For example, they have rejected the atheism of some official Marxist thought, while...
Feminist Scholarship Reference library
Yvonne Sherwood
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Bible
...in feminist biblical criticism, many attempts have been made to sift and categorize critics and plot them on some kind of spectrum. Since feminism is not a method but an ideology (within which there is considerable room for manœuvre) attempts have been made to categorize critics ideologically. In feminist studies generally distinctions have been made between liberal feminists (who espouse a universalist view of human nature, a sense of the general sameness of human beings), radical feminists (who emphasize difference), and Marxist and socialist feminists...
Twelfth Night Reference library
Michael Dobson and Anthony Davies
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)
...enthusiasm in Mary Cowden Clarke ’s The Girlhood of Shakespeare’s Heroines ( 1850–1 ). In academic criticism she has often been upstaged, however, by two other characters. Charles Lamb was one of the first commentators to speak in favour of Malvolio, and Lamb’s contemporaries also singled out another figure often seen as providing the play’s keynote, Feste, later the subject of an important essay by A. C. Bradley . Twentieth-century criticism has treated both of these characters ever more seriously, as perceptions of the play’s happy comedy have...
Hamlet, Prince of Denmark Reference library
Michael Dobson and Anthony Davies
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)
...of the Ghost (who, apparently on temporary release from Purgatory, seems to belong to a Catholic theology rather than a Protestant one). The emergence of Marxist criticism saw the Prince variously lauded as a revolutionary ahead of his feudal time and reviled as a vacillatingly uncommitted bourgeois intellectual, but the play has been more central to the development of psychoanalytic criticism, and indeed of psychoanalysis itself. Since the time of Malone Hamlet had been regarded as especially revealing of Shakespeare’s own emotional nature (its...
The Crisis of the Arab Intellectual: Traditionalism or Historicism? Reference library
Laroui Abdallah
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...Each of these has expressed, in a particular domain, the evolution of society as a whole; from them derive breaks in thought (also called revolutions)—scientific, rationalist, historicist—that have given rise to ideologies whose most complete expressions were liberalism and Marxist socialism. The more a society lags behind other societies, the more are the goals of revolution diversified and deepened; the more the intellectual is conscious of this retardation, the greater are his reponsibilities and the more frequent are temptations to escape into illusion...
Religion and Liberty Reference library
Mehdi Bazargan
Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook
...the minutest criticism, discord, and transgression in matters ritual, administrative, political, and even personal would be considered as a transgression against God and His representatives. According to the foregoing account, religious governments, not unlike Marxist states, cannot tolerate the freedom of ideas and criticism. Free expression and assembly, as well as strikes or demonstrations would be unthinkable; and the ruling party's judgment and execution would be swift and categorical. Both religious and Marxist governments...
Islam, Reform, and the New Arab Man Reference library
Hichem Djait
Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives (2 ed.)
...a hope for humanity as a whole, but, in any case, some non-Arab countries have assumed responsibility for its continued existence and survival. In short we want neither an ideologically neutral society like that of the post-industrial West, nor a society propelled by Marxist ideology—true Marxism can be grasped but not its pale substitutes which we think are stripped of value—nor, finally, and a fortiori , a society obsessed with static souvenirs which go back to the sources of medieval unanimity and is closed in on itself. Arab society should find...
Popular Culture Reference library
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
...and William *Hone , displayed both a nostalgic yearning to capture vanishing organic folk-ways and a radical Romantic inclination to defend them as manifestations of a golden age of democratic *utopianism [9] . That so many late-twentieth-century analysts have sympathized with Marxist cultural materialist approaches has also reinforced a historiographical inclination to produce narratives of popular resistance and struggle, including one of the most inspirational and influential historical writings of our time, E. P. Thompson 's The Making of the English...
Introduction: Muslim Activist Intellectuals and Their Place in History Reference library
John L. Esposito and John O. Voll
Makers of Contemporary Islam
...of the remaining conservative ulama establishment. This new alternative attracted people from both the old secular intellectual establishment and the more traditional ulama organizations. Mustafa Mahmoud, a former Marxist, could become a prominent figure in revivalist life in Cairo and could speak of “my trip from doubt to faith.” 67 Khalid Muhammad Khalid, the Egyptian intellectual who caused a major debate in the 1940s with a book calling for the ...
Othello Reference library
Michael Dobson, Will Sharpe, Anthony Davies, and Will Sharpe
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)
...adulterous wives should die is intended to be seen as confirming the racist views expressed by Brabanzio and Iago. Iago’s interconnected obsessions with class, race, and gender have indeed helped to keep the play central to much current critical discourse, whether feminist , Marxist , or psychoanalytic . Stage history: The quarto reports that the play was acted at both the Blackfriars and the Globe , and an eyewitness account of a performance in Oxford in 1610 confirms the power the play exerted on the Jacobean stage. Still in the repertory through the...
