Boltzmann, Ludwig (1844–1906) Quick reference
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Mathematics (6 ed.)
...Boltzmann, Ludwig ( 1844–1906 ) Austrian physicist who pioneered statistical mechanics and gave the modern definition of...
Boltzmann, Ludwig (1844–1906) Quick reference
World Encyclopedia
..., Ludwig ( 1844–1906 ) Austrian physicist , acclaimed for his contribution to statistical mechanics and to the kinetic theory of gases. His research extended the ideas of James Maxwell . Boltzmann's general law asserts that a system will approach a state of thermodynamic equilibrium because that is the most probable state. He introduced the ‘Boltzmann equation’ ( 1877 ) relating the kinetic energy of a gas atom or molecule to temperature. Symbol K in the formula, the gas constant per molecule, is called the ‘Boltzmann constant’. In 1884 he...
Boltzmann, Ludwig (1844–1906) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Philosophy (3 ed.)
..., Ludwig ( 1844–1906 ) Austrian physicist and philosopher of science . Boltzmann sought to integrate physics with the philosophy of science, opposing both the a priori, uninformed speculations of philosophers, and the philosophically indifferent approaches of many physicists. His emphasis on the open-ended hypothetical nature of theorizing strikingly anticipates the falsificationism of Popper , whilst his connection between the direction of time and the increasing entropy of a universe in which some states can be achieved in more ways than...
Boltzmann, Ludwig Reference library
Lawrence Sklar
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (2 ed.)
..., Ludwig ( 1844–1906 ). As philosopher of science Boltzmann emphasized, against the positivist phenomenalists ( Mach , Duhem ), the role of invented hypotheses and the importance of posited unobservable theoretical entities and properties. He defended atomism in a period in which it was under sceptical attack. Along with J. C. Maxwell he is the inventor of modern statistical mechanics, his contributions including the Boltzmann equation, the H -theorem allegedly proving irreversible approach to equilibrium, and the ergodic hypothesis. His was also...
Boltzmann, Ludwig (1844–1906) Reference library
The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science
...him caused him to take his own life in October 1906 , while on vacation with his family at the Bay of Duino, a resort near Trieste. Engelbert Broda , Ludwig Boltzmann: Man, Physicist, Philosopher (1983). John Blackmore , ed., Ludwig Boltzmann, His Later Life and Philosophy, 1900–1906 , 2 vols. (1995). Carlo Cercignani , Ludwig Boltzmann: The Man Who Trusted Atoms (1998). David Lindley , Boltzmann's Atom: The Great Debate That Launched a Revolution in Physics (2001). Manolis...
Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906) Quick reference
Oxford Essential Quotations (6 ed.)
...0Ludwig Ludwig Boltzmann 1844 – 1906 Austrian physicist I adhered scrupulously to the precept of that brilliant theoretical physicist L. Boltzmann, according to whom matters of elegance ought to be left to the tailor and to the cobbler. attributed; Albert Einstein Relativity: The Special and General Theory (1916)...
Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906) Reference library
Oxford Dictionary of Quotations (8 ed.)
...0Ludwig Ludwig Boltzmann 1844 – 1906 Austrian physicist I adhered scrupulously to the precept of that brilliant theoretical physicist L. Boltzmann, according to whom matters of elegance ought to be left to the tailor and to the cobbler. attributed; Albert Einstein Relativity: The Special and General Theory (1916) preface; see also koestler matters of elegance tailor and to the cobbler tailor and to the ...
Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906) Reference library
Oxford Dictionary of Scientific Quotations
...Ludwig Boltzmann 1844 – 1906 Austrian physicist We must make the following remark: a proof, that after a certain time t 1 the spheres must necessarily be mixed uniformly, whatever may be the initial distribution of states, cannot be given. This is in fact a consequence of probability theory, for any non-uniform distribution of states, no matter how improbable it may be, is still not absolutely impossible. Indeed it is clear that any individual uniform distribution, which might arise after a certain time from some particular initial state, is just as...
Boltzmann, Ludwig Eduard (1844–1906) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Chemistry (8 ed.)
..., Ludwig Eduard ( 1844–1906 ) Austrian physicist . He held professorships in Graz, Vienna, Munich, and Leipzig, where he worked on the kinetic theory of gases ( see Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution ) and on statistical mechanics ( see Boltzmann equation ). He suffered from depression and committed...
Boltzmann, Ludwig Eduard (1844–1906) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Physics (8 ed.)
...Boltzmann, Ludwig Eduard ( 1844–1906 ) Austrian physicist . He held professorships in Graz, Vienna, Munich, and Leipzig, where he worked on the kinetic theory of gases ( see Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution ) and on thermodynamics ( see Boltzmann equation ). In particular, he showed that entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system. He suffered from depression and committed...
Boltzmann, Ludwig Edward Quick reference
A Dictionary of Scientists
..., Ludwig Edward (1844–1906) Austrian theoretical physicist Boltzmann studied at the university in his native city of Vienna, where he received his doctorate in 1866 . He held professorships in physics or mathematics at Graz ( 1869–73 ; 1876–79 ), Vienna ( 1873–76 ; 1894–1900 ; 1902–06 ), Munich ( 1889–93 ), and Leipzig ( 1900–02 ). Boltzmann made important contributions to the kinetic theory of gases. He developed the law of equipartition of energy, which states that the total energy of an atom or molecule is, on average, equally distributed over...
Boltzmann, Ludwig Edward (1844–1906) Reference library
The New Oxford Dictionary for Scientific Writers and Editors (2 ed.)
..., Ludwig Edward ( 1844–1906 ) Austrian theoretical physicist . * Boltzmann constant Boltzmann distribution Use Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution (en dash). Boltzmann equation Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution (en dash) * Stefan–Boltzmann constant (en dash) Stefan–Boltzmann law (en...
Ludwig Boltzmann
Boltzmann formula
Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution
Boltzmann equation
