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Althusser, Louis (1918–90) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Philosophy (3 ed.)
..., Louis ( 1918–90 ) French Marxist , noted for dismissing the early work of Marx in favour of the later emphasis on dialectical materialism. This is seen through a structuralist filter, whereby interlocking combinations of political, economic, ideological, and theoretical structures and practices form objective determinants of resulting social forces. Althusser’s true Marx is therefore anti-empiricist, antihumanist, and anti-historicist. Even in its time this reinterpretation was severely criticized as divorcing Marx from the sphere of political...
Althusser, Louis (1918–1990) Quick reference
Who's Who in the Twentieth Century
..., Louis ( 1918–1990 ) French Marxist philosopher, whose writings were widely influential in continental philosophy until he was declared insane. Born near Algiers, Althusser studied philosophy at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, where he remained for the rest of his working life. A Catholic activist in his youth, he became a communist after World War II. In For Marx ( 1965 ) and Reading Capital ( 1965 ) Althusser elaborated a ‘theory of theoretical practice’, which was intended to transcend the perceived self-contradictions of an empiricist...
Althusser, Louis (1918–90) Quick reference
The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature (2 ed.)
..., Louis ( 1918–90 ) , influential French Marxist philosopher known for his development of structural Marxism in the 1960s and early 1970s. Born in Algiers, raised in Marseilles, and educated at the prestigious École normale supérieure where he would spend his career, Louis Althusser wrote For Marx (1965), Reading Capital (1965), Lenin and Philosophy (1969), and a robust archive of other published and unpublished materials; Althusser taught some of postwar France’s leading intellectuals, including Jacques Derrida , Michel Foucault , and...
Althusser, Louis (1918–1990) Reference library
Encyclopedia of Semiotics
..., Louis ( 1918–1990 ), French philosopher who was a Communist Party theorist during the 1960s and 1970s. Like Ferruccio Rossi-Landi ( 1928–1985 ) in Italy, Althusser was part of the Eurocommunist attempt to deal with the crisis of Marxism. Both sought to shift Marxism out of a deterministic materialism and into a concern with language and subjectivity. Althusser sought to initiate a rereading of Marx in For Marx ( 1965 ) and Reading Capital (with Etienne Balibar , 1979 ). Althusser proposed that one could periodize Marx: that there were two...
Althusser, Louis (1918–90) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Critical Theory (2 ed.)
..., Louis ( 1918–90 ) French Marxist philosopher and one of the most influential thinkers of the twentieth century . His work fused the insights of Marxism , structuralism , and psychoanalysis to create a powerful critique of contemporary capitalist society, focusing particularly on the function of ideology . His aim was to revive the revolutionary dimension of Marxism and construct a theory that could make a real and practical difference in the world. Althusser’s academic career was unconventional. In spite of his renown, he never held a...
Althusser, Louis (1918–90) Quick reference
A Dictionary of Sociology (4 ed.)
..., Louis ( 1918–90 ) One of the most original and influential of 20th-century Marxist social philosophers, Louis Althusser provoked a spectacular, but deeply controversial renewal of Marxist scholarship across a whole range of humanities and social science disciplines. His most important work, and the height of his influence, spanned the 1960s and 1970s. Viewed in political terms, his project was to provide an analysis and critique of the Stalinist distortion of Marxism. Althusser differed sharply from many contemporary Marxist critics of Stalinism ...
Althusser, Louis Reference library
David McLellan
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (2 ed.)
..., Louis ( 1918–90 ). The most influential Marxist philosopher in the 1960s and 1970s, Althusser produced a novel form of Marxism by attempting to integrate into it the dominant ideas of structuralism . Born in Algeria and spending most of his life lecturing at the élite Collège de France, Althusser and his disciples were much influenced by the leading currents of Parisian intellectual life. Althusser's version of Marxism was in sharp contrast to the Hegelian and humanist interpretations of Marx that had gained prominence in the two decades after the...
Althusser, Louis (1918–90) Quick reference
Stewart Wood
A Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics and International Relations (4 ed.)
..., Louis ( 1918–90 ) French Marxist philosopher who rose to intellectual prominence in the 1960s. Associated with the school of ‘structural Marxism’, which emphasizes ‘scientific’ rather than humanist elements of Marx’s thought, and develops a multilayered structuralist account of historical determinism. While claiming with Marx that society is determined by productive forces within the economy ‘in the last instance’, Althusser conceived of economic determination itself in terms of a complex of interrelated structures exercising various economic,...
Althusser, Louis (1918–1990) Reference library
Dictionary of the Social Sciences
..., Louis ( 1918–1990 ) An influential French Marxist philosopher who challenged the two dominant strains of twentieth-century Marxist thought: the Hegelian tradition of Western Marxism (exemplified by Georg Lukács and Alexandre Kojève ) and the scientific Marxism of the Communist Parties. In two works published in 1965 , For Marx and Reading “Capital” (the latter written with Etienne Balibar ), Althusser rejected the prevailing understanding of Marxism as a teleological system—an inevitable and unilinear logic of historical development. This...
Althusser, Louis (1928–90) Reference library
The New Oxford Companion to Literature in French
..., Louis ( 1928–90 ). Marxist philosopher . Born in Algeria, he joined the French Communist Party in 1948 , and taught philosophy at the École Normale Supérieure , eventually becoming its secretary. His best‐known books, Pour Marx ( 1965 ) and Lire le Capital ( 1965 ), offered a strikingly original view of Marxism , arguing that Marx had inaugurated the science of history in an ‘epistemological break’ with previous ideological notions put forward especially by Hegel . Attacking humanist interpretations, he proposed a theory of social...
Louis Althusser
Jacques Rancière
Repressive State Apparatus
conjuncture
decentred structure
Étienne Balibar
