Korematsu v. United States Reference library
Paul Finkelman
The Oxford Companion to United States History
...Korematsu v. United States , ( 1944 ) Supreme Court decision arising from the 1942 military order forcing West Coast Japanese Americans into “assembly centers” from which they were interned in “relocation camps.” Fred Korematsu of San Francisco , an American-born citizen of Japanese ancestry, attempted to enlist when World War II began but was rejected for medical reasons. Working in a defense job when the internment began, he moved, changed his name, and claimed to be Mexican American. He was arrested, sentenced to five years in prison, immediately...
Korematsu v. United States Reference library
The Oxford Guide to the United States Government
... v. United States • 323 U.S. 214 ( 1944 ) • Vote: 6–3 • For the Court: Black • Concurring: Frankfurter • Dissenting: Roberts , Murphy , and Jackson After Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941 , more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese ancestry were removed from their homes on the Pacific Coast of the United States and sent to internment camps in the interior of the country. Most of them spent the duration of the war, until August 1945 , confined in one of these camps, even though they were loyal U.S. citizens who had done...
Korematsu v. United States Reference library
Paul Finkelman
The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States (2 ed.)
... v. United States , 323 U.S. 214 ( 1944 ), argued 11 and 12 Oct. 1944 , decided 18 Dec. 1944 by vote of 6 to 3; black for the Court, Frankfurter concurring, Roberts, Murphy , and Jackson in dissent. Fred Korematsu , an American‐born citizen of Japanese ancestry, grew up in the San Francisco Bay area. Rejected by the military for poor health, he obtained a defense industry job. In May 1942 , when the Japanese internment began, Korematsu had a good job and a non‐Japanese girlfriend. Rather than submit to incarceration, Korematsu moved to a nearby...
Korematsu v. United States Quick reference
The Oxford Guide to United States Supreme Court Decisions (2 ed.)
... v. United States , 323 U.S. 214 ( 1944 ), argued 11 and 12 Oct. 1944 , decided 18 Dec. 1944 by vote of 6 to 3; Black for the Court, Frankfurter concurring, Roberts, Murphy, and Jackson in dissent. Fred Korematsu , an American-born citizen of Japanese ancestry, grew up in the San Francisco Bay area. Rejected by the military for poor health, he obtained a defense industry job. In May 1942 , when the Japanese internment began, Korematsu had a good job and a non-Japanese girl-friend. Rather than submit to incarceration, Korematsu moved to a nearby...
Korematsu v. United States
Hirabayashi v. United States
Rutledge, Wiley Blount, Jr.
Duncan v. Kahanamoku
Incarceration of Japanese Americans.
Frank Murphy
Owen J. Roberts
Felix Frankfurter
Harlan Fiske Stone
equal Protection
Hugo Lafayette Black
Murphy, Frank (1940–49) Reference library
The Oxford Guide to the United States Government
... disagreed and said the relocation was “utterly revolting among a free people who have embraced the principles set forth in the Constitution of the United States.” Murphy 's dissent in the Korematsu case is honored today as a courageous and correct view of the case. And the majority opinion in that case tends to be criticized, in Murphy's terms, as “legalization of racism.” See also Korematsu v. United States Sources Sidney Fine , Frank Murphy: The Washington Years (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1984). J. Woodford Howard , Mr. Justice...
Roberts, Owen J. (1930–1945) Reference library
The Oxford Guide to the United States Government
...in dissent in Kore-matsu v. United States ( 1944 ). The Court upheld the compulsory movement of Japanese Americans during World War II to internment centers because they were viewed as a threat to national security following Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Roberts, however, disagreed and wrote:” [This] is the case of convicting a citizen as a punishment for not submitting to imprisonment in a concentration camp, based on his ancestry…without evidence or inquiry concerning his loyalty and good disposition towards the United States…I need hardly...
Japanese Internment Reference library
The Oxford Companion to American Law
...we cannot reject as unfounded the judgment of the military authorities and of Congress that there were disloyal members of that population, whose number and strength could not be precisely and quickly ascertained.” A year after Hirabayashi , the Court decided Korematsu v. United States ( 1944 ) and upheld General DeWitt’s exclusion order. The Court again deferred to the military and rejected a Fifth-Amendment attack on the exclusion of Japanese-Americans. The Japanese-American internment was the subject of intense scrutiny and criticism in the years...
Rutledge, Wiley B. (1943–49) Reference library
The Oxford Guide to the United States Government
...to replace him. During his six years on the Court, Justice Rutledge was a strong defender of 1st Amendment freedoms. His only lapses from this position were his votes with the majority in the Japanese-American internment cases of World War II (e.g., Kore-matsu v. United States and Hirabayashi v. United States ), in which he supported the government's right to detain Japanese Americans on the basis that they might be a threat to national security. Sources Fowler Harper , Justice Rutledge and the Bright Constellation (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill,...
Japanese‐American Internment Cases Reference library
The Oxford Companion to American Military History
...In Hirabayashi v. U.S. (20 U.S. 81) in 1943 , the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously upheld the military curfew regulations under the war powers, and thus his conviction, but declined to consider the issue of Japanese exclusion from the area. The Court similarly upheld the curfew conviction of Minoru Yasui , born in Oregon in 1916 , who was a lawyer and a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army Reserve. In December 1944 , the Supreme Court upheld the legality of the forced evacuation of U.S. citizens of Japanese ancestry in Korematsu v. U.S. (323 U.S....
