Jupiter Reference library
Dictionary of American Family Names (2 ed.)
... US frequency (2010): 836 1 Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): artificial name from German Jupiter ‘Jupiter’ (see 2 below). 2 Haitian: from French Jupiter , the name of the Roman god of the sky and thunder, applied as a nickname or ornamental name, or from the personal name Jupiter of the same origin. Some characteristic forenames: Jewish ...
Jupiter Reference library
The Oxford Companion to World Mythology
... Although the Romans came to see their supreme deity , Jupiter, as a cognate of the Greek Zeus , he existed in pre-Roman Italy as Jupiter Latirus and, in archaic Roman times, as part of the Roman version of the Indo-European triad of Jupiter- Mars - Quirinus , or sovereignty, power, and...
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World Encyclopedia
... King of the Roman gods, identified with the Greek god Zeus . He could take on various forms: the light-bringer (Lucetius), god of lightning and thunderbolts (Fulgur), and god of rain (Jupiter...
Jupiter Reference library
Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable (19 ed.)
...alchemists Jupiter thus designated tin. In heraldry Jupiter stands for azure , the blue of the heavens. See also colours . Jupiter is also the name of the largest of the planets, given in honour of the greatest of the gods. The name itself comes from Greek Zeus Patēr , ‘Father Zeus’. See also jove . Jupiter’s statue by Phidias at olympia was one of the seven wonders of the world . It was taken to Constantinople by Theodosius I and destroyed by fire in ad 475 . See also themis . Jupiter Ammon A name under which jupiter was worshipped in...
Jupiter Reference library
Anne Button
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare (2 ed.)
... , the king of the gods, helps Posthumus at the request of the ghosts of his family, and gives him a cryptic prophecy on a tablet, Cymbeline 5.5. Anne...
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A Dictionary of the Bible (2 ed.)
... The chief god in the Roman pantheon, equivalent to the Greek Zeus, to whom many temples were dedicated in the Roman Empire. At * Lystra , after the healing of a cripple, a crowd acclaimed * Barnabas as Jupiter (Zeus) and Paul as Mercury (Hermes); the apostles deprecated this (Acts 14: 15). Jupiter was associated with storms and thunder, but was especially venerated as the protector of the Roman...
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A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
...non-Roman sources implies that the Continental Celtic Taranis most resembles Jupiter, as does Bussumarus , although it is not clear that either is identical with ‘Gaulish Jupiter’. About 150 columns were erected to honour Jupiter, from eastern Gaul through the Moselle and Rhine valleys. The upper figure is usually seen trampling a serpent-like anthropomorphic monster. Jupiter's placement here may be to put him as high as possible into the sky, his realm, or to link him with trees. Contemporary commentators give little heed to Sir John Rhŷs's ( 1886 )...
Jupiter Reference library
The Oxford Companion to Chaucer
...became the constellation Taurus.) Transferred to Jupiter, as it had been for example in Ovid 's Metamorphoses , the story is referred to by Troilus . ( See also Bole ; Pheton .) 2 The planet. Jupiter occupies the sixth sphere of simple Aristotelian cosmology . In astrology Jupiter was usually deemed temperate, wise, and concerned with law and judgement. There is an example of allegory in the fourth book of Troilus and Criseyde where Jupiter sits in judgement on Venus. This benevolent planet Jupiter also had strong, albeit often only tacit,...
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A Dictionary of Space Exploration (3 ed.)
...core. Jupiter is surrounded by faint rings made up of dust from its moons, particularly its largest four inner moons: Io , Europa , Ganymede , and Callisto (called the Galilean moons, as they were discovered by Galileo Galilei). At present, Jupiter has 53 named moons and 14 unnamed moons. The first space mission to Jupiter was Pioneer 10 , which arrived in 1979 . Since then, eight NASA spacecraft have studied Jupiter: Pioneer-Saturn , Voyagers 1 and 2 , Ulysses , Galileo , Cassini , and New Horizons . http://www.solarviews.com/eng/jupiter.htm ...
Jupiter ([Di]) Quick reference
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (3 ed.)
... [Di] Roman god of light—the sun and the moon—and of celestial phenomena such as the wind, rain, thunder, tempest, and lightning. From his Etruscan origins he was equipped with three thunderbolts that could be used to warn or punish...
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World Encyclopedia
... Fifth major planet from the Sun and the largest of the giant planets. It is one of the brightest objects in the sky. Through a telescope, Jupiter's yellowish elliptical disk is seen to be crossed by brownish-red bands, known as belts and zones. The most distinctive feature is the Great Red Spot (GRS) , first observed ( 1664 ) by Robert Hooke . Jupiter's rapid rotation and turbulent atmosphere produces spots, streaks, and bands. Eddies give rise to the spots, which are cyclones or (like the GRS) anticyclones. Hydrogen accounts for nearly 90% of Jupiter's...
Jupiter Reference library
The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military
... an intermediate range ballistic missile originally put on an accelerated development schedule after the Soviet Union completed ICBM tests in 1957 . It was later scrapped because of problems finding sites for the missiles in other...
Jupiter Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome
... Jupiter (Latin Iuppiter ; rarely Iupiter ) was king of the Latin and Roman gods. His name derives from the Indo-European * dieu- (bright sky) + * pater (father), words that point to his origins in a supreme sky-father god of an earlier Indo-European religion. This heritage is shared by the Greek god Zeus, whose myths Jupiter assimilated. As a result, not only was Jupiter the supreme god of the Roman state, but he also became a significant character in the Roman literary tradition. Cults. Since he was a god of the sky, Jupiter's sanctuaries were often...
Jupiter Reference library
John Scheid
The Oxford Classical Dictionary (4 ed.)
...‘rites of the Ides’, sacra idulia , ascended ( Festus Gloss. Lat. 392 , entry under ‘sacram viam’). Finally, the Ludi Capitolini, celebrated in honour of Jupiter Feretrius (15 October, Plut. Rom. 25; Schol. Bern. on Verg. G. 2. 384), their date of foundation uncertain, point to a third ancient sanctuary of Jupiter on the Capitol. Jupiter Feretrius, whom it is difficult to separate from Jupiter Lapis or ‘Stone’ (see Gell. NA 1. 21. 4; Livy 1. 24. 8 ( see fetiales ), 30. 43. 9; Festus (Paul) Gloss. Lat. 239 ), was invoked in treaties; the...
Jupiter Reference library
John Scheid
The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization (2 ed.)
...‘rites of the Ides’, sacra idulia , ascended ( Festus Gloss. Lat. 392, entry under ‘sacram viam’). Finally, the Ludi Capitolini, celebrated in honour of Jupiter Feretrius (15 October, Plut. Rom. 25; Schol. Bern. on Verg. G. 2. 384), their date of foundation uncertain, point to a third ancient sanctuary of Jupiter on the Capitol. Jupiter Feretrius, whom it is difficult to separate from Jupiter Lapis or ‘Stone’ (see Gell. NA 1. 21. 4; Livy 1. 24. 8, 30. 43. 9; Festus (Paul) Gloss. Lat. 239), was invoked in treaties; the famous flint used in the...
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A Dictionary of Opera Characters (2 ed.)
...himself. His jealous wife turns Callisto into a bear. Jupiter places her among the stars as the constellation Ursa Minor. Creator ( 1651 ) not known. 6 ( Strauss : Die Liebe der Danae ). Bar. Dressed entirely in gold, he comes to meet Danae, who presumes he is really Midas. She has fallen in love with ‘Chrysopher’ (Midas in disguise) and Jupiter soon realizes this. No matter what wealth he offers her, she prefers to remain with Midas, who has been stripped of his ability to turn everything to gold. Jupiter has to acknowledge defeat. Arias: Treulose Danae! ...
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A Dictionary of Geology and Earth Sciences (5 ed.)
... The fifth and largest planet in the solar system, distant 5.203 AU from the Sun . It has a radius of 71 900 km, and a mass 318 times and a volume 1403 times that of the Earth . Its density is 1310 kg/m 3 and it is comprised mainly of hydrogen and helium. The atmosphere is 0.9H–0.1He (with traces of H 2 O, CH 4 , and NH 3 ) which grades down into a liquid shell, overlying a zone of metallic hydrogen. In the centre is a small rock–ice core of about ten Earth masses. Jupiter has at least 61 satellites , including the four Galilean ...
Jupiter Reference library
The Oxford Companion to World Exploration
... . Jupiter is the largest of the planets in the solar system and the first of the gas giants beyond the asteroid belt. Due to Jupiter's size, early earthbound astronomers were able to discern a fair amount of detail of the planet, but it took the arrival of a series of space probes to truly reveal its beauty. Despite the planet's immense distance from Earth, earthbound observers since ancient times have been able to track Jupiter's path across the heavens thanks to its enormous size. Galileo Galilei first observed the four major moons of Jupiter through...
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The Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World
... ( Iuppiter ), sovereign god of the Romans, bears a name referring to the ‘luminous sky’. He was known to all Italic peoples. Although associated with the sky, storms, and lightning, Jupiter was not just a god of natural phenomena. They expressed and articulated, in fact, his function as sovereign divinity. Jupiter was sovereign by virtue of his supreme rank and by the patronage derived from his exercise of supreme power. His supreme rank was signified by the fact that the god or his priest was always mentioned at the head of lists of gods or priests, and...
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A Dictionary of Astronomy (3 ed.)
...responsible for Jupiter’s strong magnetic field. The metallic hydrogen layer, about 50 000 km thick, is surrounded by a layer of normal molecular liquid hydrogen, which gradually merges into gaseous hydrogen near the surface. Giant aurorae and electrical storms occur in the planet’s turbulent atmosphere. Jupiter’s centre is estimated to be very hot, about 20 000 K. This internal heat is left over from the kinetic energy of impacts during accretion, and from the conversion of gravitational potential energy into heat when the core formed. Jupiter Physical...
