Oldenbarnevelt, Johan van Reference library
The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance
..., Johan van ( 1547–1619 ), Dutch statesman and Protestant leader in the final years of the Revolt of the Netherlands . He studied law in Louvain, Bourges, and Heidelberg and after travelling in France and Italy established a legal practice in The Hague. He became a Calvinist and a supporter of William of Orange , and in the early years of the Revolt participated in the sieges of Haarlem ( 1572–3 ) and Leiden ( 1574 ). He assisted in the formation of the Union of Utrecht ( 1579 ), and from 1586 onwards served as pensionary (i.e. chairman) to...
Oldenbarnevelt, Johan Van (1547–1619) Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation
..., Johan Van ( 1547–1619 ), Dutch statesman. Born on 14 September 1547 in Amersfoort in the province of Utrecht, Oldenbarnevelt was the eldest son of Gerrit Reyerszoon van Oldenbarnevelt and Deliana van Weede, both, it seems, of the lower gentry. Having worked at a lawyer's office in The Hague ( 1564–1566 ), he matriculated in the faculty of law at Louvain ( 1566–1567 ), Bourges ( 1567 ), Cologne ( 1567–1568 ), Heidelberg ( 1568–1569 ), and perhaps Padua ( 1569–1570 ). As a lawyer in The Hague, he sided with William of Orange when, in 1572 , the...
Johan van Oldenbarnevelt
United Provinces
Count of Nassau Maurice
Dutch Revolts
Revolt of the Netherlands
Dutch East India Company
Synod of Dort
Arminianism
Hugo Grotius
Philip Massinger
Wtenbogaert, Johannes (1557–1644) Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation
...to the ministry in The Hague and also named chaplain at the court of Stadtholder Maurice of Nassau, prince of Orange. He became closely connected to Johan van Oldenbarnevelt , the advocate of Holland. When at the University of Leiden the dispute arose between Arminius and Franciscus Gomarus on predestination ( 1604 ), Wtenbogaert interceded for Arminius and pleaded for toleration. He found Oldenbarnevelt at his side. Maurice inclined to the views of Gomarus. In 1609 Arminius died, and Wtenbogaert took over the leadership of his party. In 1610 he drew...
Mijle, Adriaan (1538–1590) Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation
...van Nassau as the new stadtholder. His friend Johan van Oldenbarnevelt , the advocate of the states after 1586 , took the same view. Because of his position, Mijle's attitude toward Robert Dudley , earl of Leicester, had to be tactful—Leicester was the English governor in the Netherlands during the period 1585–1587 , and Mijle seemed to be among his supporters. Mijle, however, truly belonged to the anti-Leicesterians, who finally triumphed. In 1588 , after the departure of Leicester, Mijle also became a member of the Council of State ( Raad van...
Nassau, Maurits Van (1567–1625) Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation
...between 1590 and 1604 this army conquered forty-three towns and fifty-five strongholds in order to fortify the borders of the Dutch Republic. As a greatly respected commander in chief, Maurits often clashed with the de facto political leader of the republic, Johan van Oldenbarnevelt , grand pensionary of Holland. Above all, they disagreed about the desirability of a peace or truce with Brussels and Madrid. When a twelve-year truce was concluded in 1609 , it was over Maurits's opposition. As Maurits had feared, conflicts within the republic broke...
Vondel, Joost Van Den (1587–1679) Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation
...( 1618–1619 ) for their refusal to accept the Contra-Remonstrant position and for their support of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt , the grand pensionary of Holland who was executed for his Remonstrant sympathies in 1619 . After the death of the stadtholder Maurits van Nassau , Vondel published Palamedes ( 1625 ), a tragedy in classical garb that depicted Maurits's seduction by the Contra-Remonstrants and his subsequent condemnation of the innocent Oldenbarnevelt. Numerous poetic invectives against specific Contra-Remonstrant preachers followed, in which Vondel...
Hooft, Cornelis Pieterszoon (1547–1626) Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation
...in 1584 , and was selected by the council for ten terms as burgomaster between 1588 and 1610 . As a republican, he opposed those who wanted to make William of Orange a count or the House of Orange a monarchy. He later defended Johan van Oldenbarnevelt , the civil arm of Holland's government, in resistance to Prince Maurits van Nassau , the military leader, who aspired to such status and power. In Amsterdam Hooft advocated religious toleration rather than dogmatic precision. He was a leader of the city authorities who supported the Amsterdam pastor ...
Grotius, Hugo (1583–1645) Reference library
Spencer Weinreich
The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (4 ed.)
...of N. Europe, notably Scaliger . He was appointed historian of the States General (1601) and advocate general of the Fisc of Holland, Zeeland, and West Friesland (1607), writing the pathbreaking Mare Liberum (1609) to assert the freedom of the seas. An associate of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, he took a keen interest in theological questions, siding with the Arminians . In 1613 he was sent on a diplomatic mission to England, where he failed to win the support of James I . On his return (1613) Grotius was made pensionary of Rotterdam. His polemical...
Dordrecht, Synod of Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation
...From then on conciliation was impossible, and the subsequent years were full of ecclesiastical struggles. At first the Remonstrants, supported by the States of Holland and their pensionary, Johan van Oldenbarnevelt , gained the upper hand. But when in 1617 the stadtholder Maurits of Nassau sided with the Contra-Remonstrants, the tide turned. In 1618 Oldenbarnevelt was imprisoned—in 1619 he was sentenced to death—and the States-General granted permission to convene a national synod. The synod met at Dordrecht from November 1618 to May 1619 . Its...
Grotius, Hugo (1583–1645) Reference library
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation
... Prince Maurits van Nassau ( 1567–1625 ) in 1618 , however, and the convocation of the Synod of Dordrecht of 1618–1619 , Remonstrantism was condemned as heterodoxy, Oldenbarnevelt was executed, and Grotius was sentenced to life imprisonment. Grotius's subsequent detention at Loevestein ( 1619–1621 ) was only of short duration thanks to a spectacular escape in a book chest provided by his resourceful wife, Maria van Reigersberch ( 1589–1653 ). During his ensuing exile at Paris, Grotius published an apology, the Verantwoordingh van de Wettelijcke...
